August 2023

The maximum lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) refers to the highest achievable efficiency of an aircraft or other flying object in generating lift relative to the amount of drag it produces. It represents the optimal configuration or operating point at which the object generates the most lift for the least amount of drag. The concept of maximum […]

Parasite drag coefficient (CD,e) is a dimensionless aerodynamic parameter that quantifies the contribution of parasite drag to the total aerodynamic drag experienced by an object moving through a fluid, such as air. Parasite drag refers to the drag force that arises from factors other than lift production, and it includes various forms of non-lift-related resistance

The pressure distribution on the surface of a sphere refers to how the pressure of a fluid varies across different points on the sphere’s surface. In fluid dynamics, the pressure distribution is a critical parameter that provides insights into the forces acting on the sphere and the behavior of the fluid flow around it.  Sphere

The maximum tangential velocity at the top and bottom of a sphere in a fluid flow refers to the highest velocity values experienced by the fluid particles at these specific locations on the sphere’s surface. These velocities occur due to the interaction between the approaching flow and the shape of the sphere.  Freestream Velocity (V∞) 

Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the symbol 𝜇 (mu), is a fundamental property of a fluid that describes its resistance to shear deformation or internal flow. It quantifies the frictional forces between adjacent layers of fluid as they move relative to each other. In essence, dynamic viscosity characterizes how “thick” or “sticky” a fluid is and

Tangential velocity of the surface of a sphere refers to the component of velocity that is parallel to the surface of the sphere at a specific point. It describes the rate at which a point on the surface of the sphere is moving in the direction tangent to the surface, without accounting for any motion

“Γinput” refers to the updated or modified value of circulation around a specific spanwise station along the wing of an aircraft or any lifting surface. Circulation is a fundamental concept that quantifies the net rotational motion of air particles around a closed path, often associated with the creation of lift.  Γinput is the updated value

Circulation around any specific spanwise station, denoted as Γ(yn), is a fundamental aerodynamic concept that quantifies the net rotational motion of air particles around a closed path near a particular location along the span of an aircraft wing or any lifting surface. Circulation is a measure of the strength and direction of the rotational flow

The lift per unit span at any specific station, often denoted as L′(yn), represents the distribution of lift along the span of an aircraft wing. It is a measure of the lift force generated by the wing at a particular location or spanwise station. This concept is essential for understanding the aerodynamic characteristics of an

The lift per unit span at any specific station, often denoted as L′(yn), represents the distribution of lift along the span of an aircraft wing. It is a measure of the lift force generated by the wing at a particular location or spanwise station. This concept is essential for understanding the aerodynamic characteristics of an