September 2023

The lateral aerodynamic force acting on an aircraft due to yaw rate (r) is commonly referred to as “yawing moment” or “side force.” This moment or force is generated because of the aircraft’s yawing motion, which is a rotation around its vertical axis. This yawing motion is typically caused by various factors, including control inputs, […]

The rolling coefficient, sometimes written as C_l_delta_r, is a measure of the aircraft’s response to roll control inputs. It quantifies how the aircraft’s rolling moment (rotational force causing the aircraft to roll) changes with changes in the aileron or roll control surface deflection. It is a dimensionless coefficient and can be positive or negative, indicating

In flight mechanics, the longitudinal aerodynamic force acting on an aircraft due to changes in airspeed (u) is typically associated with variations in thrust and drag. This force primarily affects the aircraft’s acceleration or deceleration along its longitudinal axis. Xu: This represents the longitudinal aerodynamic force acting on the aircraft due to changes in airspeed

In flight mechanics, the vertical aerodynamic force acting on an aircraft due to changes in airspeed (u) is typically associated with variations in lift. This force is often referred to as the “change in lift” or “change in vertical lift” and can be denoted as ΔL or ΔZ. Zu: This likely represents the vertical aerodynamic

In flight mechanics, “Mu” represents the pitching moment acting on the aircraft. The pitching moment (Mu) is a rotational force or torque that tends to cause the aircraft to pitch, which means to rotate around its lateral axis, causing the nose to either pitch up or pitch down. Mu: This represents the pitching moment acting

nv (n or n_z): The normal load factor (n) represents the ratio of the vertical aerodynamic force (lift) to the weight of the aircraft. It is a measure of the G-forces experienced by the aircraft in the vertical direction during flight. Positive values of n indicate an upward force exceeding the weight of the aircraft,

The drag component that results from the generation of lift by an aircraft’s wings. It is a critical parameter used to assess the efficiency of an aircraft’s lift production and its impact on overall aerodynamic performance. lv: This likely represents the lift-induced drag coefficient for an aircraft. L’v: This may be the change in lift