Bernoulli’s equation is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics that relates the pressure, velocity, and elevation of a fluid in an ideal, steady flow without friction. It states that the sum of the pressure energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy per unit volume of a fluid remains constant along any streamline. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
Where:
- is the pressure of the fluid (Pa or N/m²).
- is the density of the fluid (kg/m³).
- is the velocity of the fluid (m/s).
- is the acceleration due to gravity (m/s²).
- is the elevation of the fluid above a reference point (m).