The Free-Space Path Loss is crucial in satellite communication system design for estimating signal attenuation over different distances and frequencies LFS​ is the path loss. d is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. λ is the wavelength of the signal.
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solar radiation pressure is crucial for understanding the perturbations caused by solar radiation on satellite orbits. FSRP​ is the force exerted by solar radiation pressure. PSRP​ is the solar radiation pressure. c is the speed of light in a vacuum. A is the effective area exposed to solar radiation.
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Thermal Radiation is crucial for designing effective thermal control systems to keep satellite components within their operational temperature ranges. P is the power radiated by the black body. σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67×10−8 W/m2⋅K4). A is the surface area of the black body. T is the temperature of the black body in Kelvin.
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Angular Momentum is crucial in satellite dynamics and control, particularly in understanding and predicting the behavior of rotating satellites, attitude stabilization, and maneuver planning. L is the angular momentum. I is the moment of inertia. ω is the angular velocity.
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Satellite Thrust is the force exerted by the propulsion system in the direction opposite to the expelled propellant F is the thrust force produced by the propulsion system. m˙ is the mass flow rate of propellant expelled by the engine. ve​ is the effective exhaust velocity of the propellant.
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The orbital period represents the time it takes for a satellite to complete one orbit around its celestial body T is the orbital period, n is the mean motion.
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Solar flux density is a measure of the amount of solar energy per unit area received at a particular location F is the solar flux density L is the solar luminosity R is the distance from the center of the Sun to the receiving surface.
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Propagation Delay  is the time it takes for a signal to travel from a transmitter to a receiver over a certain distance Distance: The physical separation between the transmitter and receiver Propagation Speed: The speed at which the signal travels, typically the speed of light in the medium
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Planetary Distances is used to estimates the distances of the planets from the Sun D is the estimated distance from the Sun. a is a constant for each planet. n is the planet’s position in the order from the Sun.
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Power Flux Density represents the amount of electromagnetic power per unit area received by an antenna S is the power flux density, P is the power, A is the receiving antenna aperture area.
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