Arshad Arif A.S, Author at ToDo Calculator

Burn time Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 16:21:34 +0000

Burn time equations are used to calculate the amount of time it takes for a substance or fuel to burn completely. The specific equation depends on the context, such as combustion in engines, rockets, or chemical reactions.

where:

$T_{burn}$ is the burn time,
$m_{0}$ is the initial mass of the rocket,
$m_{f}$ is the final mass of the rocket,
$m ˙$ is the mass flow rate during burn.

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Bypass airflow rate Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 16:10:05 +0000

Bypass airflow rate refers to the amount of air in an air conditioning or HVAC system that bypasses the intended cooling or heating process. In such systems, a certain percentage of air may not pass through the cooling coil or heat exchanger and instead flows directly back into the return air duct or outside the system.

Where:

Total Airflow Rate is the total amount of air flowing through the system.
Bypass Factor is the fraction of air that bypasses the cooling coil or heat exchanger.

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Engine specific impulse density Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 15:58:37 +0000

Engine specific impulse density (Isp) is a performance parameter used to characterize rocket engines and other propulsion systems. It measures the efficiency of an engine in converting propellant mass flow rate into thrust. Specifically, it represents the impulse produced per unit of propellant mass consumed.

Where:

$I s p$ is the specific impulse density (s/kg),
$F$ is the thrust produced by the engine (N),
$m ˙$ is the mass flow rate of propellant (kg/s), and
$g_{0}$ is the standard acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s $^{2}$ ).

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Beer-Lambert law Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 15:32:36 +0000

The Beer-Lambert law, also known as the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law, relates the absorbance of light to the properties of the material through which the light is passing.

Where:

$A$ is the absorbance of the sample.
$ϵ$ (epsilon) is the molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient, a constant characteristic of the substance at a particular wavelength.
$c$ is the concentration of the absorbing species in solution, typically measured in mol/L (molarity).
$l$ is the path length of the sample cell in centimeters, which is the distance the light travels through the sample.

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Henry’s law Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 15:22:41 +0000

The Henry’s law constant ( $k$ ) can also be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of the gas in the liquid phase to the partial pressure of the gas in the gas phase at equilibrium, at a specific temperature.

Where:

$C$ is the concentration of the gas in the liquid (usually in mol/L or mmol/L),
$k$ is Henry’s law constant, which is specific to the solute-solvent pair and is often temperature-dependent,
$P$ is the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid (usually in atm or mmHg).

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Bohr radius Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 15:10:54 +0000

The Bohr radius, denoted as $a_{0}$ , is a fundamental physical constant in quantum mechanics that represents the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom or a hydrogen-like ion in its ground state.

Where:

$a_{0}$ is the Bohr radius,
$ε_{0}$ is the vacuum permittivity (electric constant),
$ℏ$ is the reduced Planck constant,
$m_{e}$ is the electron mass,
$e$ is the elementary charge.

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Pascal’s law Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 14:55:22 +0000

Pascal’s law, also known as Pascal’s principle, states that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container.

Where:

$P$ is the pressure exerted in pascals (Pa),
$F$ is the force applied perpendicular to the surface in newtons (N), and
$A$ is the area over which the force is applied in square meters (m²).

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Area ratio calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 11:09:15 +0000

The area ratio equation for nozzles is a fundamental formula used in fluid dynamics, particularly in the context of compressible flow through nozzles. It relates the cross-sectional area of the nozzle at the throat to the cross-sectional area at the inlet (or exit) of the nozzle. This ratio is crucial in determining the flow properties, such as velocity and pressure, through the nozzle.

The area ratio $A R$ can be expressed mathematically as:

Where:

$A R$ is the area ratio.
$A_{t}$ is the cross-sectional area of the throat (minimum area).
$A_{e}$ is the cross-sectional area at the exit (or inlet) of the nozzle.

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Convection Heat Transfer Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 10:58:10 +0000

Convection heat transfer is a mode of heat transfer where energy is transferred between a surface and a fluid (liquid or gas) due to the bulk motion of the fluid. This process involves the movement of fluid particles carrying thermal energy from a hot surface to a cooler surface or vice versa.

where:

$Q$ is the heat transfer rate (W or J/s),
$h$ is the convective heat transfer coefficient (W/(m²·K)),
$A$ is the surface area for heat transfer (m²),
$T_{s}$ is the surface temperature (K),
$T_{\infty}$ is the fluid (or ambient) temperature (K).

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Energy conservation Calculator

Arshad Arif A.S — Fri, 15 Mar 2024 10:36:24 +0000

Energy conservation equations are fundamental in physics and engineering, describing the principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. The general form of the energy conservation equation is:

Where:

$Δ E$ represents the change in total energy of a system.
$Q$ represents the heat added to the system.
$W$ represents the work done by the system.

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