Bulk stress, also known as volume stress or hydrostatic stress, is a measure of the pressure applied uniformly in all directions within a material. It is typically denoted by the symbol , (sigma) and is expressed in pascals (Pa) in the International System of Units (SI). The formula for bulk stress is given by:
where:
- (sigma) is the bulk stress in pascals (Pa),
- is the pressure applied to the material in pascals (Pa).