The internal energy of an ideal gas is a measure of its microscopic kinetic and potential energies. For an ideal gas, it depends solely on the temperature of the gas and is independent of pressure or volume. The internal energy of an ideal gas is given by the equation:
Where:
- is the internal energy in J,
- is the number of moles of gas,
- is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J/mol⋅K),
- is the absolute temperature in Kelvin.
The unit for internal energy (U) is joules (J) when using the International System of Units (SI).