A laminar boundary layer is a thin region of fluid flow that develops adjacent to a solid surface, typically in the presence of low to moderate flow velocities. In this layer, fluid particles move smoothly and parallel to the surface, with minimal mixing between adjacent layers. Laminar boundary layers are characterized by orderly fluid motion and relatively low levels of turbulence.
Where:
- δ is the boundary layer thickness,
- x is the distance along the plate, and
- Re_x is the Reynolds number based on distance x.