The total force acting on a body, also known as the resultant force or net force, is the vector sum of all the individual forces acting on the body. In physics, forces are interactions that cause changes in an object’s state of motion or shape. When multiple forces act on a body, they combine to […]
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In flight mechanics, the “Coefficient of Power” (Cp) is a dimensionless parameter used to characterize the efficiency of a propeller or a wind turbine. It quantifies the conversion of power from the fluid (air) into useful work (thrust for a propeller or mechanical power for a wind turbine). Cp is particularly important in assessing the
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The resultant aerodynamic force, also known as the total aerodynamic force or resultant aerodynamic load, refers to the net force acting on an object, such as an aircraft or a vehicle, due to the aerodynamic interactions with the surrounding fluid (usually air). It encompasses both the lift force and the drag force (tangential or axial
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In aerodynamics, the tangential force (also known as axial force or drag force) is one of the fundamental aerodynamic forces acting on an object moving through a fluid, such as air. It is perpendicular to the lift force and acts parallel to the direction of the freestream flow.  T is the tangential or axial
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In flight mechanics, “constant torque” refers to a condition where the engine or propulsion system of an aircraft generates a constant level of torque output, regardless of the engine’s rotational speed (RPM). Torque is a measure of the twisting force produced by the engine’s crankshaft and transmitted to the propeller or rotor system. Q0 =
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In aerodynamics, the normal force (often denoted as N) is a fundamental force that acts perpendicular to the surface of an object in a fluid flow, such as air. It is one of the four aerodynamic forces, along with lift, weight (gravitational force), and drag, that play a crucial role in the behavior and motion
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In a manometer, the change in height (Δh) refers to the difference in the liquid column’s height between two points in the U-tube. It is a crucial parameter used to measure pressure differences in a fluid system. The manometer typically consists of a U-shaped tube partially filled with a liquid (e.g., mercury or water) and
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In flight mechanics, the “resultant velocity at the propeller tip” refers to the total velocity experienced by the air at the outermost portion of the propeller blade. It is the vector sum of the freestream velocity (Vinfinite) and the tangential velocity due to the rotational motion of the propeller (Vt). Vrtip = (Vinfinite^2 + 2
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In aerodynamics, the term “hydrostatic equation” typically refers to a simplified form of the hydrostatic pressure equation that applies to the atmosphere. It is also known as the barometric or barometric pressure equation. The hydrostatic equation in aerodynamics is used to describe the relationship between pressure, altitude, and gravity in the Earth’s atmosphere. p: Pressure
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In flight mechanics, the “thrust acting on the disc” refers to the total force exerted by the propeller or rotor on the surrounding air as it accelerates the air in the downward direction to generate lift or propulsion. This concept is particularly relevant for propellers and helicopters or other rotary-wing aircraft. T = Thrust
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