The pitching moment coefficient (Cm​) measures the tendency of an airfoil or aircraft to pitch Cm​ is the pitching moment coefficient, a0​ is the zero-lift pitching moment coefficient, α is the angle of attack
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The pressure ratio, often denoted as PR, is the ratio of the outlet pressure to the inlet pressure in a fluid system, such as a compressor or a pump. This ratio is crucial in determining the performance and efficiency of such systems. Where: Pout​ is the outlet pressure. Pin​ is the inlet pressure.
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The helical angle (Φ) in the context of propellers refers to the angle between the resultant relative velocity and the plane of rotation of the propeller Φ is the helical angle, V is the forward velocity of the aircraft, n is the rotational speed of the propeller, D is the diameter of the propeller.
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In aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, a rearward-facing step is a geometric discontinuity in a flow. The recirculation length (L) refers to the length of the recirculation zone that forms downstream of the step. L is the recirculation length. h is the height of the rearward-facing step. R ed​ is the Reynolds number based on
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Interfacial Shear Strength is a Force required to shear fiber-matrix interface.The formula is given by: Where: Nf​ is the fatigue life of the composite laminate. A is a constant related to the material and loading conditions. Δε is the applied strain range during cyclic loading.
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The Engine Thrust Deduction Factor represents the fraction of the engine thrust that is not available for accelerating the aircraft, as it is offset by the aerodynamic drag. E is the Engine Thrust Deduction Factor. T is the thrust produced by the engines. D is the total aerodynamic drag acting on the aircraft. W
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Fatigue Life is an Inverse proportion to applied strain range.The formula is given by: Where: Nf​ is the fatigue life of the composite laminate. A is a constant related to the material and loading conditions. Δε is the applied strain range during cyclic loading.
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The thrust for a propeller-driven aircraft represents the relationship between the thrust produced by the propeller, the shaft power provided to the propeller, and the velocity of the aircraft. T: Thrust Pshaft​: Shaft power V: Velocity
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Fiber Orientation Angle is an Arctan of fiber orientation vector components.The formula is given by: Where: θ is the fiber orientation angle. X and Y are the respective components of the fiber orientation vector.
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Specific Excess Power (excessPexcess​) is a measure of the surplus power available to an aircraft in climbing flight. P excess​ is the Specific Excess Power, T is the thrust produced by the aircraft’s engines, D is the total drag acting on the aircraft
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