Turbulent flow is a type of fluid motion characterized by chaotic and irregular movement of fluid particles. In turbulent flow, eddies and vortices form, causing mixing and fluctuation in velocity and pressure throughout the fluid. ρ is the density of the fluid. V is the characteristic velocity of the flow. L is a characteristic length […]
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Viscous flow states that the shear stress (τ) in a fluid is directly proportional to the velocity gradient (du/dy) perpendicular to the direction of flow, and the constant of proportionality is the dynamic viscosity (μ): where: τ is the shear stress. μ is the dynamic viscosity. du/dy is the velocity gradient.
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Ambient pressure thrust refers to the force generated by a propulsion system, such as a rocket engine or jet engine, in an environment where the pressure is relatively high, such as at sea level. This thrust is influenced by the ambient atmospheric pressure, which affects the engine’s ability to push against the surrounding air or
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The fuel flow rate in the context of aircraft design refers to the rate at which fuel is consumed by the aircraft’s engines to generate the required power for flight m˙fuel is the fuel flow rate, P req is the power required by the aircraft, and E fuel is the energy content of the
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Dynamic pressure refers to the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid in motion. It is a measure of the pressure exerted by the fluid due to its motion. It characterizes the pressure exerted by the airflow due to its motion and is a critical parameter for understanding and analyzing the aerodynamic behavior of
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The lift coefficient (CL) for an airfoil section is a critical parameter in aircraft design, representing the effectiveness of the airfoil in generating lift CL section is the lift coefficient for the airfoil section. α is the angle of attack αL0 is the zero-lift angle of attack. 2π represents the lift-curve slope
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Vacuum thrust Calculator refers to the thrust produced by a rocket engine operating in a vacuum or near-vacuum conditions, such as those encountered in space. Rockets designed for space travel often have different specifications for thrust in vacuum compared to thrust in Earth’s atmosphere, due to differences in pressure and density. Where: Fv is the
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The jet thrust equation is a fundamental formula used in aircraft design to describe the thrust produced by a jet engine. F is the thrust produced by the jet engine. m˙ is the mass flow rate of the exhaust gases expelled by the engine. Ve is the effective exhaust velocity. V0 is the velocity of
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Power required for level flight is a crucial parameter in aircraft design, representing the amount of power needed to maintain a steady, level flight condition. Preq is the power required for level flight, T is the thrust, V is the velocity of the aircraft, and η is the overall efficiency of the propulsion system.
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The service ceiling of an aircraft refers to the maximum altitude at which it can maintain a steady climb rate, typically 100 feet per minute, under standard atmospheric conditions. It signifies the operational limit of the aircraft’s performance in terms of altitude. This parameter is crucial for determining the aircraft’s capabilities in various flight scenarios.
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