The glide angle is the angle between the horizontal plane and the trajectory of the aircraft during a glide. The glide angle (θ) can be calculated using trigonometric functions. If we denote the horizontal velocity (airspeed) as Vx​ and the vertical velocity as Vy​, then: where: θ is the glide angle (in degrees). Vy​ is […]
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The groundspeed (GS) of an aircraft is the horizontal speed of the aircraft relative to the Earth’s surface. It is the speed at which an aircraft is actually moving over the ground. The groundspeed is a crucial parameter in navigation and flight planning. GS is the groundspeed, TAS is the true airspeed of the
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 Range equation is a fundamental equation in aircraft design that describes the distance an aircraft can travel with a given amount of fuel. The formula for the range (R) of an aircraft is: R is the range, V is the velocity of the aircraft, and D is the drag force acting on the aircraft The
Stress concentration factor is a fundamental aspect of mechanical engineering, particularly in the design and analysis of structures subjected to mechanical loads. It refers to the phenomenon where localized areas within a material experience significantly higher stress levels than the average stress across the rest of the material. Where: σmax​ is the maximum stress at
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The coefficient of pressure, often denoted as Cp, is a dimensionless quantity used in aerodynamics to describe the distribution of pressure over the surface of an object, such as an aircraft wing The formula for the coefficient of pressure (Cp) is given by: Cp​ is the coefficient of pressure. p is the local
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Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above a certain point. It is the pressure experienced by a submerged or partially submerged object in a fluid solely due to the depth of the fluid and the gravitational force acting on it. Where: P
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One simple equation is the equation of continuity, which represents the principle of mass conservation for an incompressible fluid. It states that the mass flow rate (mass per unit time) at any point in a steady flow of fluid must be constant. Mathematically, it can be expressed as: Where: A1​ and A2​ are the cross-sectional
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Stokes’ law states that the frictional force F exerted on a spherical particle of radius r moving through a viscous fluid with viscosity η at a velocity v is directly proportional to the velocity of the particle and the viscosity of the fluid and inversely proportional to the radius of the particle. Mathematically, it can
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Propellant mass fraction Calculator is a ratio that represents the proportion of propellant mass to the total initial mass of the rocket. Engineers typically calculate it by dividing the mass of the propellant by the total initial mass of the rocket. High PMF values are desirable for achieving greater efficiency and performance in rocket propulsion
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The angle of attack (AOA) is the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind. It is typically measured in degrees or radians. A positive angle of attack typically generates lift, while a negative angle of attack can result in a stall or increased drag. The formula for the angle of
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