Taper ratio (λ) is the ratio of the chord length at the wingtip to the chord length at the wing root. It provides insights into the geometric shape of the wing, specifically how the width of the wing varies along its span. The taper ratio is a dimensionless quantity. The formula to calculate Taper ratio […]
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The ratio of an aircraft’s wingspan to its average chord (width) and is denoted by the symbol AR. It provides insights into the geometric proportions of the wing. A high aspect ratio indicates a long and narrow wing, while a low aspect ratio indicates a shorter and wider wing. The formula to calculate Aspect ratio
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Calibrated airspeed (CAS) is derived from indicated airspeed (IAS) by correcting for instrument and installation errors. While there isn’t a single mathematical formula to directly calculate CAS, it’s typically obtained by applying correction factors to the indicated airspeed. The formula to calculate Calibrated airspeed as follows: Where: CAS is the calibrated airspeed, IAS is the
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Indicated airspeed (IAS) is the measure of an aircraft’s speed relative to the air around it as displayed on the airspeed indicator. It is a crucial parameter for pilots, providing real-time information on the aircraft’s velocity during flight. The formula to calculate Indicated airspeed (IAS) as follows:Â Where: IAS is the indicated airspeed, P is
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The Mach number (M) is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid dynamics to represent the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. In subsonic flow (where M<1), the velocity of the object is lower than the speed of sound, while in supersonic flow (where M>1), the
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The mass flow rate calculator measures the mass passing through a system’s point per time unit. It calculates mass transfer or transport rate through a specific area or volume. Mass flow rate measures mass movement through a system’s point per time unit. It quantifies mass transfer rate across an area or volume. Fluid dynamics, thermodynamics,
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The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation, named after Russian scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, describes the relationship between the mass of a rocket, its velocity, and the exhaust velocity of the propellant it expels. The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation is expressed as: Where: Δv is the change in velocity (delta-v), ve​ is the effective exhaust velocity of the rocket engine,
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The thrust required is the force produced by the engines to propel the aircraft through the air, compensating for air friction (drag). The required thrust varies according to the aircraft’s weight and aerodynamic characteristics. Thrust required is the minimum amount of thrust that must be produced by the engines to counteract the drag force acting
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In rocketry, we use specific impulse (Isp) to quantify the efficiency of a rocket engine, measuring how effectively it utilizes propellant to generate thrust. A higher specific impulse signifies a more efficient engine, producing greater thrust for a given propellant mass. Typically measured in seconds, specific impulse represents the change in momentum per unit mass
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Shear modulus is the measure of the rigidity of the body, given by the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.The formula is given by: Where: F is the force applied parallel to the surface (shear force). A is the cross-sectional area over which the force is applied. ∆ x is the displacement (change in position) caused by
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