The propellant mixing ratio formula is used in rocket propulsion to determine the ratio of oxidizer to fuel required for combustion. It’s typically expressed as the mass ratio of oxidizer to fuel. The formula is: ​​Where: mox​ is the mass of oxidizer. mfuel​ is the mass of fuel
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The formula for acoustic modes in a resonant cavity, such as a pipe or a drum, depends on the geometry and boundary conditions of the cavity. For a cylindrical pipe with length L, the formula for the frequency f of the n-th acoustic mode is: Where: c is the speed of sound in the medium
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Dynamic pressure (q) is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid flowing. It represents the pressure increase experienced by a fluid when it is brought to rest. In aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, dynamic pressure is a critical parameter for understanding the energy associated with fluid motion. Where: q is the
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The Time of Flight (t) in a climb refers to the duration it takes for an aircraft to ascend from one altitude to another during a climbing phase. It represents the elapsed time during the climb, providing information on how long the aircraft spends ascending from a starting altitude to a final altitude. The formula
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The specific volume of a substance is the volume occupied by a unit mass of that substance. In other words, it is the amount of space occupied by one kilogram of the substance. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. It provides a measure of how much volume a unit mass of substance occupies, and
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The optimal climb speed is the airspeed at which an aircraft achieves its maximum rate of climb. This speed is determined by balancing the thrust and drag forces to attain the steepest ascent possible. The optimal climb speed is crucial during takeoff and initial climb, allowing the aircraft to reach its desired altitude efficiently. The
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Surface tension is the property of a fluid surface that causes it to behave like an elastic sheet. It’s the force per unit length acting perpendicular to the surface. The surface tension (γ) of a liquid is defined as the force acting per unit length along the interface between the liquid and the gas phase.
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Shear stress is the force per unit area parallel to a surface in a fluid. It measures the force applied tangentially to the surface. The formula for shear stress (Ï„) in fluid mechanics, as described by Newton’s law of viscosity, is given by: Where: Ï„ is the shear stress, μ is the dynamic viscosity of
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The Maximum Range Altitude is the optimal flying altitude for an aircraft to achieve its maximum horizontal distance (range) on a single fuel load. At this altitude, the lift-to-drag ratio is typically maximized, allowing the aircraft to cover the greatest distance with the available fuel. The formula for the Maximum range altitude as follows: Where:
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Oscillation frequency is the number of complete cycles of a periodic motion that occur in a unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz), representing the rate of repetition of the oscillatory behavior. T represents the period of oscillation, which is the time it takes for one complete cycle of the oscillation. Oscillation frequency refers
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