The rolling moment in aerodynamics refers to the rotational force or torque around the longitudinal axis of an aircraft. It is generated by asymmetrical lift distribution across the wings, typically controlled by aileron deflection. The rolling moment influences the aircraft’s rotation around its longitudinal axis, resulting in a rolling motion. The formula to calculate Rolling […]
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In optics, researchers typically use the divergence angle formula to describe the spread of a beam of light as it travels through a medium. This formula often represents as θ = λ / π * D, where θ denotes the divergence angle, λ represents the wavelength of light, and D indicates the diameter of the
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The yawing moment in aerodynamics refers to the rotational force or torque around the vertical axis of an aircraft. It is induced by lateral forces, typically caused by asymmetries in lift or other aerodynamic effects. The yawing moment influences the aircraft’s rotation around its vertical axis, affecting its heading and stability. Mathematically, it is expressed
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The formula for calculating nozzle flow separation depends on the specific characteristics of the flow and the geometry of the nozzle. However, a common approach to modeling flow separation in nozzles is to use the Reynolds number (Re) and the Mach number (Ma) at the nozzle exit. Where: Recrit​ is the critical Reynolds number for
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The expansion ratio optimization formula typically depends on the specific context, such as in thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, or engineering design. Where: Ae​ is the exit area or cross-sectional area at the outlet. At​ is the throat area or the minimum cross-sectional area of the nozzle or passage.
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Thermal management refers to the strategies, techniques, and technologies used to control the temperature within systems, devices, or environments to ensure optimal performance, safety, and reliability. Where: Q is the rate of heat transfer (in watts or BTUs per hour). U is the overall heat transfer coefficient (in watts per square meter per degree Celsius
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Euler’s Number (Eu) is a dimensionless parameter used in fluid mechanics to characterize the ratio of inertial forces to pressure forces in a fluid flow. It helps understand the relative importance of these forces in determining the behavior of the fluid flow. Euler’s Number is defined as the ratio of pressure to the kinetic energy
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The axial force in aerodynamics refers to the component of the aerodynamic force that acts along the axis of an aircraft or an airfoil. Comprising both lift and drag components, it influences the vertical support and resistance encountered by the object. The axial force is crucial for understanding the equilibrium and performance of an aircraft
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The Nusselt number (Nu) is a dimensionless number used to characterize the ratio of convective to conductive heat transfer across a fluid boundary layer. It provides insight into the efficiency of convective heat transfer compared to conductive heat transfer. The Nusselt number is defined as the ratio of convective heat transfer to conductive heat transfer
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Strain rate (˙ε˙) is a measure of the rate at which deformation occurs in a fluid flow. It quantifies how quickly the fluid is being deformed or sheared as it flows. Strain rate is defined as the rate of change of velocity gradient within a fluid. The SI unit of strain rate is per second
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