The Bulk Modulus (K) is a measure of the fluid’s resistance to compression under pressure. It quantifies how much a fluid’s volume changes in response to a change in pressure while keeping the temperature constant. The Bulk Modulus is defined as the ratio of the change in pressure to the resulting fractional change in volume. […]
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Air density, often referred to simply as “ambient air density,” represents the mass of air per unit volume under standard conditions. “Ambient” indicates the surrounding environment, specifying factors like air density at a specific location and time. Under standard atmospheric conditions at sea level (ISA conditions), air density (ρ) is approximately 1.225 kg/m³.The formula to
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Heat transfer analysis is the study and quantification of the exchange of thermal energy between systems or components within a system. It involves understanding how heat is transferred from one object or medium to another due to temperature differences. A common formula used in heat transfer analysis, particularly for steady-state conduction through a material with
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The Mach number is a dimensionless unit used to represent the speed of an object moving through a fluid, such as air or gas. In subsonic flows (M < 1), the compressibility effects are typically small, and the static pressure changes are relatively gradual with increasing Mach number. Mathematically, it is expressed as: where: M is
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The Mach number (M) is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the speed of an object (such as an aircraft) to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. A Mach number less than 1 indicates subsonic speeds, while a Mach number greater than 1 signifies supersonic speeds. The formula to calculate Mach
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The Strouhal number (St) is a dimensionless quantity used to characterize unsteady fluid flows, particularly in the context of vortex shedding behind bluff bodies. It relates the frequency of oscillation of a fluid flow to the velocity and characteristic length scale of the flow. The Strouhal number relates the frequency of vortex shedding or oscillation
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The Capillary number (Ca), also known as the Ca number, is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics to characterize the relative importance of viscous forces to surface tension forces in a fluid flow. It indicates whether viscous forces dominate over surface tension forces or vice versa. Where, Ca is the Capillary number, μ is
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Radiative cooling is a process by which a material cools down by emitting thermal radiation. This phenomenon occurs when an object loses heat by emitting infrared radiation to its surroundings, typically to outer space. Where: P is the power radiated per unit area (in watts per square meter). σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67×10−85.67×10−8 W
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The formula to calculate cavitation in a pump typically involves the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) available and the NPSH required. Cavitation occurs when the NPSH available is less than the NPSH required. The formula can be represented as: Where: NPSHavailable is the Net Positive Suction Head available. NPSHrequired is the Net Positive Suction Head
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Feed system pressure drop Calculator calculates the feed system pressure drop depends on various factors such as flow rate, pipe length, pipe diameter, fluid properties, and any additional components like valves or fittings. However, a commonly used formula for pressure drop in a pipe due to friction is the Darcy-Weisbach equation: Where: ΔP is the
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