Torque, in physics, is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object, causing it to rotate about an axis. In the International System of Units (SI), torque is measured in newton-meters (N· m). This formula represents the cross product of force and lever arm vectors. The lever arm is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force. The formula to calculate torque is:

Where:

• $\tau$ is the torque (in newton-meters, N· m)
• $F$ is the magnitude of the force applied (in newtons, N)
• $r$ is the distance from the axis of rotation to the point where the force is applied (in meters, m)