The Venturi effect describes the reduction in fluid pressure that occurs when a fluid flows through a constricted section of a pipe. This phenomenon is based on the principle of conservation of energy in fluid flow, where the increase in fluid velocity through the constriction leads to a decrease in pressure according to Bernoulli’s principle. In a simplified form, the equation for the Venturi effect is:

Where:

• $\Delta P$ is the pressure difference between two points in the pipe,
• $\rho$ is the density of the fluid,
• v1​ and v2​ are the velocities of the fluid at the wider and narrower sections of the pipe.