In aerodynamics, the normal force (often denoted as N) is a fundamental force that acts perpendicular to the surface of an object in a fluid flow, such as air. It is one of the four aerodynamic forces, along with lift, weight (gravitational force), and drag, that play a crucial role in the behavior and motion of an aircraft or any other object moving through a fluid.Â
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- N is the normal forceÂ
- 0.13 is the Smeaton’s coefficientÂ
- η is the normal force coefficientÂ
- F is the Planform AreaÂ
- V is the freestream velocity