The formula for acoustic modes in a resonant cavity, such as a pipe or a drum, depends on the geometry and boundary conditions of the cavity. For a cylindrical pipe with length , the formula for the frequency of the -th acoustic mode is:
Where:
- is the speed of sound in the medium inside the pipe (e.g., air).
- is the mode number, representing the number of half-wavelengths that fit into the length of the pipe.
- is the length of the pipe.