Deformation refers to the change in length or displacement that a bar experiences when subjected to an axial load δ is the deformation or axial displacement. P is the axial load or force applied to the bar. L is the original length of the bar. A is the cross-sectional area of the bar. E […]
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The thermal stress in a bar due to a temperature change represents the internal stress generated in the material when it is subjected to a temperature difference σ thermal​ is the thermal stress, α is the coefficient of thermal expansion, E is Young’s Modulus, ΔT is the temperature change.
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The hoop stress in a thin-walled cylinder refers to the circumferential stress acting along the circumference of the cylinder σθ​ is the hoop stress, P is the internal pressure, r is the radius of the cylinder, t is the thickness of the cylinder wall.
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Bending stress is a measure of the internal forces that result from the bending of a structural element like a beam σ is the bending stress, M is the bending moment, y is the perpendicular distance from the neutral axis to the point of interest (also known as the distance to the outer fiber), I
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The thin-walled tube torsion is used to calculate the shear stress in a thin-walled cylindrical structure subjected to torsional loading Ï„ is the shear stress in the thin-walled tube, T is the applied torque (twisting moment), R is the outer radius of the tube, J is the polar moment of inertia of the tube’s cross-section.
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The torsion for a circular shaft expresses the relationship between the applied torque and the resulting shear stress in the material. Ï„ is the shear stress in the circular shaft, T is the applied torque (torque is a twisting force), r is the radial distance from the center of the shaft to the point
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The shear flow (q) in a beam is a measure of the distribution of shear stress along the cross-section of the beam. q is the shear flow, V is the shear force applied to the section, Q is the first moment of area of the region under consideration, I is the moment of inertia
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The pitching moment coefficient (Cm​) measures the tendency of an airfoil or aircraft to pitch Cm​ is the pitching moment coefficient, a0​ is the zero-lift pitching moment coefficient, α is the angle of attack
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The helical angle (Φ) in the context of propellers refers to the angle between the resultant relative velocity and the plane of rotation of the propeller Φ is the helical angle, V is the forward velocity of the aircraft, n is the rotational speed of the propeller, D is the diameter of the propeller.
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In aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, a rearward-facing step is a geometric discontinuity in a flow. The recirculation length (L) refers to the length of the recirculation zone that forms downstream of the step. L is the recirculation length. h is the height of the rearward-facing step. R ed​ is the Reynolds number based on
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