Author name: Arshad Arif A.S

The wing camber formula depends on the specific airfoil shape being used. One common formula for camber line calculation is the NACA 4-digit series formula, which determines the camber line based on a series of parameters. Where: yc​ is the camber line’s vertical position, m is the maximum camber as a fraction of the chord […]

The formula for calculating wing twist can vary depending on the specific design and requirements of the aircraft. Generally, wing twist refers to the change in angle of incidence along the span of the wing. Where: Twist angle is the change in angle of incidence along the span of the wing (in radians). Slope is

A wing planform calculators typically allow users to input parameters such as wingspan, wing root chord, wing tip chord, sweep angle, taper ratio, and aspect ratio Where: A is the planform area of the wing. b is the wingspan.

The effectiveness of winglets can be assessed using various metrics, but a common formula to evaluate their effectiveness is the winglet efficiency factor, which is typically denoted by e. One commonly used formula to calculate winglet effectiveness is: Where: ΔCL​ is the change in lift coefficient due to the presence of the winglet. ΔCD​ is

Fuselage drag refers to the aerodynamic drag experienced by an aircraft’s fuselage as it moves through the air. The fuselage is the main body of the aircraft, housing the cockpit, passengers, cargo, and other essential components. Fuselage drag arises due to the resistance encountered by the fuselage as it interacts with the surrounding air molecules

The formula for calculating parasite drag reduction depends on the specific method used. One common approach is to reduce surface area or streamline the shape of an object. However, there isn’t a single universal formula, as it varies based on factors like the shape of the object, the airspeed, and the desired level of reduction.

Researchers and observers use inter-rater reliability (IRR) as a statistical measure to assess the degree of agreement or consistency between two or more raters or observers when they independently assess the same set of data, such as ratings, judgments, or observations.

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations. It’s calculated as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid. Where: ρ is the density of the fluid, v is the velocity of the fluid, L is a characteristic length (e.g.,

Boundary layer thickness Calculator describes the region adjacent to a solid surface where the fluid velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream velocity. Initially, as fluid flows over a surface, the layer closest to the surface is significantly influenced by viscosity. Where: δ is the boundary layer thickness, x is the