Impulse density refers to the amount of impulse (change in momentum) per unit volume. It is often used in fluid dynamics or electromagnetic theory to describe the momentum transfer per unit volume within a system or medium. Where: ρ represents the density of the substance (mass per unit volume), v represents the velocity vector of […]
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Thrust-specific fuel consumption. engines define specific fuel consumption (SFC) as fuel consumed per unit of produced thrust or power. The formula for specific fuel consumption depends on whether you’re measuring it in terms of thrust or power. For (TSFC), the formula is: Where: TSFC is the thrust-specific fuel consumption (typically measured in units like kg/N·s
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Specific power refers to the power output or consumption per unit of some specific parameter, such as mass or volume. Specific power” is the measure of power output per unit mass or volume, expressed typically in watts per kilogram or watts per liter. Engineers and physicists commonly use it to evaluate the efficiency or performance
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Orbital velocity Calculator refers to the velocity required for an object to maintain a stable orbit around another body, such as a planet or a star. It depends on the mass of the body being orbited and the distance from the center of that body. Where: v is the orbital velocity, G is the gravitational
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In pressure-fed propulsion, propellant pushes into the combustion chamber from a tank using pressure, not pumping. It’s simpler and more reliable than pump-fed systems but typically has lower performance. Where: ˙m˙ is the mass flow rate of propellant Ve is the effective exhaust velocity Pe is the pressure at the exit of the nozzle P0
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Specific energy consumption refers to the amount of energy used per unit of a specific activity or output. Typically, industries, transportation, and building operations commonly use this metric to assess energy efficiency. Where: SEC is the specific energy consumption (e.g., kWh/kg, kWh/ton) The total energy consumed (e.g., in kilowatt-hours, kWh) constitutes E. Q is the
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Gravitational Losses calculator. refer to the energy loss that occurs when lifting an object against the force of gravity. Physicists commonly encounter this concept, particularly when analyzing systems involving potential energy or calculating the work done against gravitational forces. Where: m is the mass of the object (in kilograms), g is the acceleration due to
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the term “Total Impulse calculator” to describe the overall effect of a force applied over a period of time. It defines it as the integral of thrust (force) over the time during which one applies the thrust. Total impulse, fundamentally, represents the cumulative effect of a force exerted over a specific duration, pivotal in the
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The net thrust formula for a jet engine, such as a turbojet or turbofan, can be derived based on the principle of conservation of momentum and the mass flow rate of air and fuel through the engine. where: ˙m˙ is the mass flow rate of air (and fuel, if applicable) through the engine (kg/s), Ve
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Ambient pressure thrust refers to the force generated by a propulsion system, such as a rocket engine or jet engine, in an environment where the pressure is relatively high, such as at sea level. This thrust is influenced by the ambient atmospheric pressure, which affects the engine’s ability to push against the surrounding air or
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