Author name: Gokul Dravid

Flow rate, also known as volumetric flow rate, is the volume of fluid passing through a given cross-sectional area per unit time. It is a measure of how much fluid flows through a particular point in a system over a specified period. The formula for flow rate (Q) is: where: Q is the flow rate […]

Fluid statics is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with fluids at rest or in equilibrium. It focuses on the study of pressure distribution, buoyancy, and hydrostatic forces exerted on submerged or floating bodies. P is the pressure at a certain depth. P0​ is the pressure at the fluid’s surface or a reference point.

Turbulence is chaotic fluid motion characterized by irregular fluctuations in velocity, pressure, and flow properties. It involves the formation of swirling eddies and vortices, leading to enhanced mixing and transport of momentum and energy. ρ is the density of the fluid.  V is the characteristic velocity of the flow.  L is the characteristic length scale. 

Drag force is a resistive force exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) on an object moving through it. It acts opposite to the direction of the object’s motion. The formula for drag force Fd​ is often expressed as: Fd​ is the drag force. Cd​ is the drag coefficient. ρ is the fluid density.  A

Turbulent flow is a type of fluid motion characterized by chaotic and irregular movement of fluid particles. In turbulent flow, eddies and vortices form, causing mixing and fluctuation in velocity and pressure throughout the fluid. ρ is the density of the fluid. V is the characteristic velocity of the flow.  L is a characteristic length

Viscous flow states that the shear stress (τ) in a fluid is directly proportional to the velocity gradient (du/dy) perpendicular to the direction of flow, and the constant of proportionality is the dynamic viscosity (μ): ​ where: τ is the shear stress. μ is the dynamic viscosity. du/dy​ is the velocity gradient.

Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above a certain point. It is the pressure experienced by a submerged or partially submerged object in a fluid solely due to the depth of the fluid and the gravitational force acting on it. Where: P

One simple equation  is the equation of continuity, which represents the principle of mass conservation for an incompressible fluid. It states that the mass flow rate (mass per unit time) at any point in a steady flow of fluid must be constant. Mathematically, it can be expressed as: Where: A1​ and A2​ are the cross-sectional

Stokes’ law states that the frictional force F exerted on a spherical particle of radius r moving through a viscous fluid with viscosity η at a velocity v is directly proportional to the velocity of the particle and the viscosity of the fluid and inversely proportional to the radius of the particle. Mathematically, it can