Author name: Gokul Dravid

Dynamic pressure (q) is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid flowing. It represents the pressure increase experienced by a fluid when it is brought to rest. In aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, dynamic pressure is a critical parameter for understanding the energy associated with fluid motion. Where: q is the […]

The specific volume of a substance is the volume occupied by a unit mass of that substance. In other words, it is the amount of space occupied by one kilogram of the substance. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. It provides a measure of how much volume a unit mass of substance occupies, and

Surface tension is the property of a fluid surface that causes it to behave like an elastic sheet. It’s the force per unit length acting perpendicular to the surface. The surface tension (γ) of a liquid is defined as the force acting per unit length along the interface between the liquid and the gas phase.

Shear stress is the force per unit area parallel to a surface in a fluid. It measures the force applied tangentially to the surface. The formula for shear stress (τ) in fluid mechanics, as described by Newton’s law of viscosity, is given by: Where: τ is the shear stress, μ is the dynamic viscosity of

Viscosity is the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It quantifies the internal friction within the fluid. The relationship between shear stress (τ) and velocity gradient (du/dy) in a fluid is described by Newton’s law of viscosity, which can be expressed as: Where: τ is the shear stress, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the

Velocity is the rate of change of displacement of fluid particles with respect to time. It represents how fast the fluid is moving. The formula for velocity (v) in fluid mechanics is simply: Where: v is the velocity (in meters per second, m/s). d/dt​ denotes the derivative with respect to time. d represents the displacement

Density is the mass per unit volume of a fluid. It quantifies how much mass is contained in a given volume of fluid. The formula for density (ρ) in fluid mechanics is given by: Where, ρ is the density, m is the mass of the fluid,  V is the volume of the fluid.  

Pressure is the force per unit area exerted by a fluid on its surroundings. It is a measure of the intensity of the force exerted by the fluid. The formula for pressure (P) in fluid mechanics is given by: Where: P is the pressure, F is the force applied perpendicular to the surface, A is

The center of buoyancy coincides with the centroid of the circular cross-section, and its position along the height (vertical direction).For more complex shapes or irregularly submerged objects, the calculation of the center of buoyancy may require more advanced techniques, such as numerical methods or computational fluid dynamics simulations. It can be calculated using the formula:

The Hagen-Poiseuille equation provides a mathematical description of laminar flow in a cylindrical pipe, where the flow is smooth and orderly, with fluid particles moving in parallel layers. It shows that the volume flow rate is directly proportional to the fourth power of the pipe radius (r4), the pressure gradient (ΔP), and inversely proportional to