Halpin-Tsai Model is a Predicts composite shear modulus using fiber and matrix properties.The formula is given by: Where: Gcomposite is the shear modulus of the composite material. Gf is the shear modulus of the fiber. Gm is the shear modulus of the matrix.
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Halpin-Tsai Model for Young’s Modulus is Fiber, matrix, and volume fraction influence composite material’s stiffness. The formula is given by: Where: α1 is a constant related to the fiber and matrix properties. EM is a Young’s Modulus of Matrix Material. EM is a Young’s Modulus of Fiber Material. vf is a volume of fiber
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Density of material is a mass per unit volume. The formula is given by: Where: ρ is the density of the material (usually measured in kilograms per cubic meter, kg/m³ or grams per cubic centimeter, g/cm³). m is the mass of the material (usually measured in kilograms, kg or grams, g). V is the volume of
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Torsional is a rotational force causing twisting deformation in materials or structures.The formula is given by: Where: τ is the shear stress at a given point on the shaft. T is the applied torque. r is the radial distance from the center of the shaft to the point where the stress is being calculated. J is
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Roark’s strain is an Analyzes material deformation under diverse loading conditions.The formula is given by: Where: ε is the engineering strain. ΔL is the change in length of the material. L0 is the original length of the material.
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Comprehensive stress analysis equations for various engineering structures and materials. The formula is given by: Where: σ is the bending stress (in units of force per unit area, typically psi or Pa). M is the bending moment (in units of force multiplied by distance, typically lb·ft or N·m). y is the distance from the neutral axis
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Maximum shear stress equals difference between principal stresses divided by 2. The formula is given by: Where: τmax is the maximum shear stress. σ1 is the maximum principal stress. σ3 is the minimum principal stress.
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Bending moment equals flexural rigidity times curvature. The formula is given by: Where: M is the bending moment. D is the flexural rigidity of the plate, which depends on the material properties and the plate’s geometry. κ is the curvature of the plate.
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The combined depth or thickness of layers in a laminate. The formula is given by: Where: tlaminate is the thickness of the laminate. n is the number of laminae. tlamina is the thickness of each lamina.
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Flexural modulus measures stiffness of a material under bending stress.The formula is given by: Where: E1 and E2 are the modulus of elasticity of the lamina material in directions 1 and 2 respectively. V1 and V2 are the volume fractions of the material in directions 1 and 2 respectively.
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