Author name: GULSHAN SHAFI

Rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. The formula is given by: Where: ρcomposite​ is the density of the composite material. Vf​ is the volume fraction of the reinforcement. ρreinforcement​ is the density of the reinforcement material. Vm​ is the volume fraction of the matrix. ρmatrix​ […]

Rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. The formula is given by: Where: Ecomposite​ is the Young’s Modulus of the composite material. Vf​ is the volume fraction of the reinforcement. Ereinforcement​ is the Young’s Modulus of the reinforcement material. Vm​ is the volume fraction of the

Volume fraction of matrix is a Proportion of composite volume occupied by matrix material. The formula is given by: Where: Vm​ is the volume fraction of the matrix. Vf​ is the volume fraction of the reinforcement.

The volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing. The formula is given by: Where: Vf​ is the volume fraction of reinforcement. Vreinforcement​ is the volume of the reinforcement material. Vtotal​ is the total volume of the composite material (including both the matrix material

Thermal stress analysis involves calculating the stresses induced in a material due to changes in temperature. The formula is given by: Where: σ is the thermal stress (in units of pressure, typically expressed in Pascals or psi). E is the Young’s modulus or elastic modulus of the material (in units of pressure, typically expressed in

Compressive stress is a measure of the force pushing together on a material. The formula to calculate compressive stress is: Where: F is the force applied to the material in the direction perpendicular to the surface area. A is the cross-sectional area of the material perpendicular to the direction of the force.  

Hooke’s Law states that a spring exerts a force directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position. The formula is given by: Where: F is the force exerted by the spring. k is the spring constant, which represents the stiffness of the spring. x is the displacement from the equilibrium position. .

The mechanical property of a material to withstand the compression or the elongation with respect to its length. The formula is given by: Where: E = Young’s Modulus (modulus of elasticity) In active voice: The force applies to the material to determine stress by dividing the cross-sectional area over which the force is applied. Stress

The flexural stress calculator determines the stress experienced by a material subjected to bending, also known as bending stress, using the given formula. M is the bending moment applied to the beam. c is the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber (also known as the distance to the centroid). I is the

Column Buckling Calculator is a sudden deformation of vertical support under compressive load. The formula is given by:   Where: Pcr​ is the critical buckling load, E is the modulus of elasticity of the column material, I is the area moment of inertia of the column’s cross-sectional shape, Leff​ is the effective length of the