Stress concentration factor is a fundamental aspect of mechanical engineering, particularly in the design and analysis of structures subjected to mechanical loads. It refers to the phenomenon where localized areas within a material experience significantly higher stress levels than the average stress across the rest of the material. Where: σmax​ is the maximum stress at […]
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Shear modulus is the measure of the rigidity of the body, given by the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.The formula is given by: Where: F is the force applied parallel to the surface (shear force). A is the cross-sectional area over which the force is applied. ∆ x is the displacement (change in position) caused by
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Bulk modulus is defined as the proportion of volumetric stress related to the volumetric strain for any material. The formula is given by: Where:  ΔP is the change in pressure.  ΔV is the change in volume.  V is the original volume.
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Bending moment measures internal force in structural elements like beams or columns resisting bending under load. The formula is given by: Where: F is the applied force perpendicular to the beam at that point. d is the perpendicular distance from the point to the line of action of the force
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Poisson’ ratio is defined as the ratio of lateral stress and longitudinal stress. Where: Lateral Strain is the change in width divided by the original width. Longitudinal Strain is the change in length divided by the original length.
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Tensile stress is the ratio of a stretching force acting on a material to the cross-sectional area of that material. The formula is given by: Where: (F) is the force applied to the material. (A) is the cross-sectional area of the material.
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Moment of inertia is defined as the quantity expressed by the body resisting angular acceleration which is the sum of the product of the mass of every particle with its square of a distance from the axis of rotation. The moment of inertia of a point mass m about a given axis is given by
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Hertz contact stress happens when two elastic bodies touch under a load. It assumes perfect elasticity and small contact areas. Where: F is the applied force or load. a and b are the radii of curvature of the contacting surfaces. Â
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In isotropic materials, stress and strain are related through Hooke’s Law, which states that stress is proportional to strain. The relationship between stress (σ) and strain (ε) can be expressed by the following equation: where: σ is the stress (measured in units of force per unit area, such as Pascals (Pa) or pounds per square
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