The terminal velocity of an object in freefall is the constant speed it reaches when the force of gravity pulling it downward is balanced by the opposing force of air resistance, and this happens when the net force on the object is zero. In SI units, the formula for the terminal velocity of an object […]
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The Gross Takeoff Weight (GTOW) of a spacecraft, often referred to as the Gross Launch Mass, is the total weight of the spacecraft at the moment of liftoff or launch. It includes not only the spacecraft’s payload, which may be scientific instruments, satellites, or cargo, but also all the other components and systems needed for
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Maximum payload capacity, often referred to as payload capacity, is a term used in the context of various transportation systems, including vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, and more. It represents the maximum weight or mass of cargo, equipment, or passengers that a vehicle or system can safely carry and transport. The payload capacity is an essential specification
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A solar sail is a propulsion system that uses the pressure of sunlight to generate thrust in space. The sail consists of a large, lightweight, and highly reflective material (typically made of a thin, reflective material like mylar) that is deployed in space. Photons from the Sun’s sunlight exert a tiny but continuous pressure on
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A solar sail is a propulsion system that uses the pressure of sunlight to generate thrust in space. The sail consists of a large, lightweight, and highly reflective material (typically made of a thin, reflective material like mylar) that is deployed in space. Photons from the Sun’s sunlight exert a tiny but continuous pressure on
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A solar sail is a spacecraft propulsion method that uses the pressure of sunlight to push a spacecraft through space. It works based on the principle of radiation pressure, which is the force exerted by photons (particles of light) when they strike an object. The force exerted by sunlight on a solar sail is relatively
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The propellant mass fraction is a crucial parameter in rocketry, representing the ratio of the mass of propellant (Mp) to the initial total mass of the rocket (Mi) before any propellant is consumed. It is used to evaluate how much of the rocket’s mass is dedicated to propellant. The formula for the propellant mass fraction
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The propellant mass fraction, often denoted as “Δm/mâ‚€,” is a critical parameter in rocketry and aerospace engineering. It represents the ratio of the mass of propellant used by a rocket or spacecraft to the initial total mass of the vehicle (including the structure, payload, and propellant) before any propellant is consumed. In other words, it
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The thrust of a rocket nozzle is the force generated by the expulsion of high-speed exhaust gases from the rocket engine. This force is what propels the rocket forward according to Newton’s third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The thrust of a rocket nozzle
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The total impulse (also known as impulse or specific impulse) in the context of propulsion refers to the change in momentum of a rocket or propulsion system. It is often denoted by the symbol “I” and can be calculated using the formula: I is the total impulse (in Newton-seconds or N·s). F is the thrust
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