Author name: Joni Pershiyal

Shear force in strength of materials refers to the internal force that acts parallel to the cross-section of a structural element, such as a beam, and tends to cause deformation by sliding one part of the element past another, The shear force V at the location of the point load can be calculated using the […]

The bending moment M at the location of the point load can be calculated for different beam configurations. For a simply supported beam with a point load at the center, the bending moment is: ​ where: M = Bending moment at the point load location (in newton-meters, N·m) P = Applied point load (in newtons,

Bending stress is the stress developed in a beam due to bending moments. It is calculated based on the bending moment and the moment of inertia of the beam’s cross-sectional area. The formula for bending stress in a cantilever beam is given by: ​ where: σb​ = Bending stress (in pascals, Pa or N/m²) M

Torsional stress is the stress experienced by a material or structural component when subjected to twisting or torsional loads, The formula for calculating torsional stress depends on the geometry of the component and the applied torque. For a circular shaft or rod with radius r and subjected to a torque T, the formula for torsional

The polar moment of inertia J is a property of the shaft’s cross-sectional area and is needed to calculate torsional stress. For a circular shaft with radius r, the polar moment of inertia J is given by: ​ where: J = Polar moment of inertia (in meters to the fourth power, m⁴) r = Radius

For a circular cross-section with radius r, the moment of inertia I about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the circle and passing through its center is given by: where: I = Moment of inertia (in meters to the fourth power, m⁴) r = Radius of the circular cross-section (in meters, m)

For a rectangular cross-section with width b and height h, the moment of inertia I about an axis perpendicular to the base and passing through the centroid is given by: where: I = Moment of inertia (in meters to the fourth power, m⁴) b = Width of the rectangular cross-section (in meters, m) h =

Flexural stress, also known as bending stress, is a type of stress that occurs when a material or structural element is subjected to bending or flexural loads. This type of stress is common in beams, bridges, columns, and other structural components. The flexural stress formula calculates the stress experienced by a material due to bending.

Elongation, also known as tensile strain or engineering strain, is a measure of the deformation of a material along the axis of an applied tensile force. It is defined as the ratio of the change in length (ΔL) of a material to its original length (L0​). The formula for elongation is given by: ​ Where:

Hooke’s Law describes the linear relationship between the stress applied to a material and the resulting strain within the elastic limit of the material. Mathematically, Hooke’s Law is expressed as: Where: σ is the stress applied to the material (in pascals, Pa or N/m²). E is the Young’s modulus or modulus of elasticity of the