Author name: Kalpana Southri

equivalent diameter,” it is often used in fluid dynamics and heat transfer to simplify the analysis of flow through pipes, tubes, or other non-circular conduits by treating them as if they were circular   The area of the maximum fuselage cross section (Afmax) phi means 3.14 constant

Tail volume ratio is a term used in flight mechanics to measure the effectiveness of the horizontal and vertical tails of an aircraft.  Vh​ represents the Tail Volume Ratio (Vᵗ), which is a measure of the longitudinal stability of an aircraft, as discussed in the previous responses. St​ refers to the area of the horizontal

Tail efficiency (η) is a term used to describe the efficiency of a propeller or a wind turbine in converting the shaft power into thrust power.     rho means density Vt means tail velocity V means velocity

In flight mechanics and aerodynamics, the “angle of attack” refers to the angle between the oncoming air or relative wind and a reference line on an aircraft’s wing or airfoil. It’s an important parameter that directly affects the lift and drag characteristics of an aircraft. α means angle of the attack it means imaginary ∑

The tail of an aircraft experiences this dynamic pressure during flight. If you’re looking to calculate the ratio of the dynamic pressure at the tail of an aircraft, you would need to know the dynamic pressure at the tail and the dynamic pressure at another reference point, such as the aircraft’s nose or wing. ρ

In flight mechanics and aerodynamics, the “downwash angle” refers to the angle at which the airflow is deflected downward by the wings of an aircraft. This angle is a result of the interaction between the wing’s lift generation and the induced flow that occurs due to the wing’s circulation. (1 + τ): This part of

Zero-lift coefficient of the wing (Cl0w) involves determining the lift coefficient when the angle of attack (α) is zero. This coefficient is important because it characterizes the lift generated by the wing when it is in a level flight configuration (α = 0). Clαw is the lift curve slope of the wing. iw means the

The drag coefficient (Cdw) represents the amount of aerodynamic drag generated by the wing relative to the dynamic pressure of the air and the wing area. Where:  Dw is   Drag wing is the drag force generated by the wing. ρ (rho) is the air density. V is the airspeed of the aircraft. S_wing is the

lift coefficient of the wing (CLw) involves several factors related to the aerodynamics and geometry of the aircraft. The lift coefficient is determined by the lift generated by the wing in relation to the dynamic pressure of the air and the wing area  Lw is the lift generated by the wing. ρ (rho) is the

The angle of attack is the angle formed between the chord line of an airfoil (typically the wing) and the direction of the oncoming airflow. The chord line is an imaginary straight line connecting the leading edge to the trailing edge of the airfoil. the effective angle of attack at the wing (αw), and the