Author name: Ravula Nikhil Reddy

Air density, often referred to simply as “ambient air density,” represents the mass of air per unit volume under standard conditions. “Ambient” indicates the surrounding environment, specifying factors like air density at a specific location and time. Under standard atmospheric conditions at sea level (ISA conditions), air density (ρ) is approximately 1.225 kg/m³.The formula to […]

The Mach number is a dimensionless unit used to represent the speed of an object moving through a fluid, such as air or gas. In subsonic flows (M < 1), the compressibility effects are typically small, and the static pressure changes are relatively gradual with increasing Mach number. Mathematically, it is expressed as: where: M is

The Mach number (M) is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the speed of an object (such as an aircraft) to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. A Mach number less than 1 indicates subsonic speeds, while a Mach number greater than 1 signifies supersonic speeds. The formula to calculate Mach

The weight of an aircraft refers to the force exerted by gravity on the entire mass of the aircraft. It is the force that acts vertically downward and is counteracted by the lift generated by the aircraft’s wings during flight. The formula to calculate Weight of an aircraft from load factor as follows: Where: L

The lapse rate (L) is defined as the rate at which the temperature of an air parcel changes with respect to a change in altitude. The lapse rate is a crucial parameter in atmospheric science, meteorology, and aviation, as it influences the stability of the atmosphere and plays a role in various weather phenomena. The

In flight mechanics, “range” refers to the horizontal distance an aircraft can travel without the need for refueling. It is a crucial performance parameter and is a measure of the endurance and fuel efficiency of an aircraft. Range is typically expressed in units such as nautical miles or kilometers. Mathematically, range can be calculated using

Endurance refers to the ability of an aircraft to remain in flight for a specific duration, considering factors such as fuel consumption, weight, and power requirements. It is a measure of how long an aircraft can sustain level flight with the available fuel resources. To maximize endurance, the aircraft should fly at an airspeed that minimizes

The Coefficient of Thrust is a dimensionless parameter that quantifies the efficiency of a propeller or rotor in converting power into thrust. A higher CT​ indicates a more efficient conversion of power into thrust, which is desirable for propeller and rotor designs in aviation and other applications. The formula to calculate Coefficient of Thrust as

The Time of Flight (t) in a climb refers to the duration it takes for an aircraft to ascend from one altitude to another during a climbing phase. It represents the elapsed time during the climb, providing information on how long the aircraft spends ascending from a starting altitude to a final altitude. The formula