Author name: Ravula Nikhil Reddy

Lift-Off Velocity (VLOF) is the minimum speed an aircraft must reach during the takeoff roll to become airborne. It represents the speed at which the lift generated by the aircraft’s wings becomes equal to the weight of the aircraft, allowing it to overcome gravity and lift off the ground. The formula to calculate Lift-Off Velocity […]

Skin friction drag is a component of drag force experienced by an object moving through a fluid, arising from the viscous interaction between the fluid and the surface of the object. It is caused by the shear stress between the fluid and the object’s surface. The skin friction drag force (Df) can be estimated using

Skin Friction Coefficient (Cf) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the frictional resistance between a fluid and a solid surface in a flow. It is used in fluid dynamics to quantify the effects of viscous forces on the flow over a surface. Turbulent flow is a type of fluid motion characterized by irregular and chaotic

The skin friction coefficient (Cf​) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the frictional resistance of a fluid flow over a surface. The skin friction coefficient is often used in the context of boundary layer analysis. For laminar flow over a flat plate, the skin friction coefficient can be estimated using the following formula: where: Cf​

Dynamic pressure (q) is a term in aerodynamics that represents the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid due to its motion. As an aircraft’s speed increases, the dynamic pressure on its surfaces also increases. In terms of the Mach number (M), which is the ratio of the speed of an object to the

The speed of sound refers to the velocity at which sound waves propagate through a medium, such as air, water, or any substance capable of transmitting sound. As the medium’s temperature increases, the speed of sound generally increases, reflecting the increased kinetic energy of the molecules in the medium. In a standard atmosphere at sea

Total drag in aerodynamics is the sum of various drag components that act on an aircraft as it moves through the air. The total drag can be broken down into two main types: parasite drag and induced drag. Parasite Drag: Form Drag: Arises due to the shape and frontal area of the aircraft as it

The turn radius (R) in aviation refers to the horizontal distance from the center of a turn to the path followed by the aircraft during a coordinated turn. As the load factor increases, the turn radius decreases, and vice versa. This critical parameter, influenced by factors like airspeed and bank angle, is essential for understanding

The Stall speed refers to the minimum airspeed at which an aircraft can maintain controlled flight without entering a stall. A stall occurs when the critical angle of attack is exceeded, leading to a disruption in the smooth airflow over the aircraft’s wings. The stall speed increases with an increase in load factor. The relationship

The side force coefficient (Cy​) is an aerodynamic parameter that describes the generation of lateral (side) force on an aircraft in response to sideslip. Sideslip occurs when the aircraft’s longitudinal axis is not aligned with the relative wind. The side force (Y) is the aerodynamic force acting perpendicular to the aircraft’s longitudinal axis. The formula