The rate of climb refers to the vertical speed at which an aircraft gains altitude. It is usually measured in feet per minute (ft/min) or meters per second (m/s). Rate of climb is a critical parameter in aviation, as it affects the aircraft’s performance, fuel consumption, and ability to clear obstacles during takeoff and climb […]

The rate of climb refers to the vertical speed at which an aircraft gains altitude. It is usually measured in feet per minute (ft/min) or meters per second (m/s). Rate of climb is a critical parameter in aviation, as it affects the aircraft’s performance, fuel consumption, and ability to clear obstacles during takeoff and climb

The rate of climb in terms of excess power refers to the rate at which an aircraft can ascend vertically based on the excess power available after overcoming the forces acting against it, such as drag and gravity. The rate of climb in terms of power can be expressed by the following formula:  Where: PA​:

In flight mechanics, “average acceleration” denotes the average rate of change of an aircraft’s velocity over a specified time period. It serves as a crucial parameter in analyzing the dynamics of aircraft motion during different flight phases, such as takeoff, climb, or descent. This acceleration is computed by dividing the change in velocity by the

Normal force during takeoff roll refers to the vertical force exerted on an aircraft by the ground surface during the initial acceleration phase of takeoff. This force, perpendicular to the runway surface, is generated by the aircraft’s weight and its distribution over the landing gear, providing the necessary support and lift-off conditions for the aircraft

In flight mechanics, “retarding force” refers to any force acting against the direction of an aircraft’s motion, typically opposing its forward movement. This force, often encountered during the landing phase, includes aerodynamic drag, braking forces, and other resistive elements that slow down the aircraft’s velocity, affecting its deceleration and control. The formula to calculate Retarding

In flight mechanics, “retarding force” refers to any force acting against the direction of an aircraft’s motion, typically opposing its forward movement. This force, often encountered during the landing phase, includes aerodynamic drag, braking forces, and other resistive elements that slow down the aircraft’s velocity, affecting its deceleration and control. The formula to calculate Retarding

The power required for an aircraft is the amount of power that must be generated by its engines to overcome various aerodynamic forces and maintain a certain flight condition. For Unaccelerated and Straight-Level Flight drag force equal to Thrust force . The power required depends on factors such as airspeed, altitude, and the aircraft’s configuration.

Available power in flight mechanics refers to the maximum power that an aircraft’s propulsion system can generate. It represents the total power output available for sustaining flight and overcoming aerodynamic drag. The available power is a key parameter for understanding an aircraft’s performance capabilities, and it is influenced by the efficiency of the engine or

The Mach number (M) is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid dynamics to represent the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. In subsonic flow (where M<1), the velocity of the object is lower than the speed of sound, while in supersonic flow (where M>1), the