In flight mechanics, the “equation of state” refers to a mathematical relationship that describes the thermodynamic state of a fluid (usually air) under specific conditions. This relationship helps to relate the fundamental properties of the fluid, such as pressure, density, temperature, and specific volume. In the context of aviation and aerodynamics, the equation of state […]
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In flight mechanics, the hydrostatic equation refers to a fundamental principle in fluid mechanics that describes the variation of pressure with height (altitude) in a static fluid, such as the Earth’s atmosphere. This equation is based on the concept of hydrostatic equilibrium, which means that the pressure at any point in a fluid is in
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The lift slope (a) for a finite wing is a parameter used to describe the change in lift coefficient (CL) with respect to the geometric angle of attack (α) of the wing. It is a measure of the wing’s effectiveness in generating lift as the angle of attack is varied. The lift slope represents the
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In flight mechanics and meteorology, the troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, extending from the surface of the Earth up to an average altitude of about 7 to 17 kilometers (4 to 11 miles). It is the layer in which most weather phenomena occur and where virtually all commercial and general aviation flights
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The effective angle of attack (αeff) is a concept used in aerodynamics to describe the net angle at which the relative airflow interacts with an airfoil or wing. It accounts for both the geometric angle of attack (α) and the induced angle of attack (αi). αeff is the effective angle of attack. α is the
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In flight mechanics and aeronautics, the “reference chord” of a wing refers to a specific chord length used as a standard measurement for the wing’s size and aerodynamic characteristics. The chord of a wing is the straight-line distance between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing, measured along the chord line. Re=Vcref/v
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Induced drag is one of the two main components of drag experienced by an aircraft during steady, level flight. The other component is parasite drag. Induced drag is specifically related to the lift generated by the aircraft’s wings. Di is the induced drag. e is the span efficiency factor, representing the effectiveness of the wing
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The velocity potential (ϕ) is a scalar function used to describe the flow of an irrotational, incompressible fluid. It is a fundamental concept in potential flow theory, which simplifies fluid flow analysis by assuming the absence of vorticity (no swirling or rotational motion) and incompressibility, and neglects viscosity effects. ϕ is the velocity potential due
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A “point source” specifically represents a location in the flow field where fluid is injected or removed at a constant rate from a single point. A point source can be visualized as an imaginary or real location where fluid is introduced into the flow or extracted from it uniformly in all directions. ϕ is the
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In flight mechanics and aerodynamics, the “pitching moment coefficient” (Cm or Cmα) is a dimensionless parameter that describes the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on an aircraft’s longitudinal axis (pitching axis) due to changes in its angle of attack (α). It is an important parameter used to understand an aircraft’s stability and control characteristics. Cmcg=Mcg/(0.5*ρ*v2*s*c)
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