In flight mechanics, takeoff parameter is a term used to describe the factors that affect the takeoff of an aircraft. The takeoff parameter consists of three important factors: thrust, weight, and wing area1. The takeoff distance consists of two parts, the ground run, and the distance from where the vehicle leaves the ground to until it […]
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The Froude number (Fr) is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics to describe the behavior of a fluid flow around an object or within a channel. The Froude number is defined as the ratio of the flow velocity (V) to the square root of the product of the gravitational acceleration (g) and a characteristic
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Pitching moment coefficient (Cm) is a dimensionless parameter that relates the pitching moment of an aircraft to various factors affecting its stability and control. It is an important aerodynamic coefficient used to understand how the aircraft behaves in pitch (upward or downward rotation) around its lateral axis. M is the pitching moment acting on the
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Ideal gas equation or perfect gas equation represents the relationship between the pressure (p), density (𝜌), temperature (T), and the gas constant (R) for an ideal gas. p: Pressure of the gas in N/m^2. 𝜌: Density of the gas in kg/m³. R: The specific gas constant for the particular gas being considered in J/(kg·K) T:
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Buoyancy force is the upward force exerted on an object when it is immersed or partially submerged in a fluid (liquid or gas). It is a result of the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the submerged object. 𝜌 (rho) is the density of the fluid (in kg/m³) 𝜈 is the volume of the
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The term “polar” refers to the polar curve, which is a graphical representation of an aircraft’s performance characteristics. In aviation, the most common polar curve is the lift coefficient versus drag coefficient curve, often referred to as the “lift-drag polar.” Cd = Cd0 + (Cl^2 / (π * e * A)) Cd: Total drag coefficient,
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The Prandtl number is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics and heat transfer to describe the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity in a fluid. Pr is the Prandtl number, μ∞ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid at a reference temperature, cp is the specific heat at constant pressure of the fluid
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The Mach number (Ma) is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the speed of an object or fluid to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. M is the Mach number, V∞ is the freestream velocity of the object or fluid, a∞ is the speed of sound in the medium
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The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in a fluid flow. Re is the Reynolds number, ρ∞ is the density of the freestream fluid, V∞ is the velocity of the freestream fluid relative to the object (freestream velocity), c is a characteristic length of
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The speed of sound refers to the velocity at which sound waves propagate through a medium. It is the rate at which small pressure disturbances, or sound waves, travel through the substance. The speed of sound varies depending on the properties of the medium, such as its temperature and density. a∞ is the speed of
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