stalling speed (Vs) refers to the minimum speed at which an aircraft can maintain level flight without stalling. Stalling occurs when the critical angle of attack is exceeded, and the airflow over the wings becomes separated, leading to a loss of lift and a significant decrease in the aircraft’s performance. Vs is the speed of […]
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The pressure coefficient, denoted as “Cp,” is a dimensionless parameter used in fluid dynamics and aerodynamics to describe the pressure distribution around an object immersed in a fluid flow. It is a normalized measure of the pressure at a particular point on the object relative to the freestream dynamic pressure of the fluid. Cp: Pressure
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The skin-friction coefficient, denoted as “cf” is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid dynamics to characterize the frictional drag experienced by a fluid flowing over a solid surface. cf- Skin-friction coefficient τ- Skin friction or shear stress acting on the surface of the body q∞- Dynamic pressure of the freestream flow
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The pitching moment coefficient (CM) is another important dimensionless quantity used in aerodynamics to describe the pitching moment acting on a body, typically an airfoil or wing, in a fluid flow. It is a crucial parameter in understanding the stability and control characteristics of an aircraft. CM = Pitching moment coefficient M = Actual pitching
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C is the chord L is the lift force generated by the wing. ρ (rho) is the air density. V is the airspeed (velocity) of the aircraft relative to the air N is Normal force
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The axial force coefficient (CA) is a dimensionless quantity used in aerodynamics to describe the axial force acting on a body, such as an airfoil or wing, due to the fluid flow. It is one of the force coefficients used to understand the aerodynamic behavior of bodies in fluid flows. CA = Axial force coefficient
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The induced drag coefficient is a measure of the drag caused by the generation of lift on a wing or an airfoil. It is related to the lift coefficient, the aspect ratio, and the efficiency factor of the wing or airfoil. Cdi is the induced drag coefficient Cl is the lift coefficient pi is the
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The aspect ratio of a wing is the ratio of its span to its mean chord. AR = b2/S.
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In aerodynamics, the normal force coefficient (CN) is a dimensionless parameter used to describe the lift or downforce generated by an object, such as an airfoil, wing, or any other body moving through a fluid, typically air. The normal force refers to the force that is perpendicular to the freestream flow direction. CN is
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The coefficient of drag (CD) is a dimensionless quantity used in aerodynamics to describe the amount of drag generated by an object as it moves through a fluid, such as air. CD is the drag coefficient, D is the drag force acting on the object, q∞ is the dynamic pressure of the freestream flow (far
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