Composite Material and Structure

Thermal stress analysis involves calculating the stresses induced in a material due to changes in temperature. The formula is given by: Where: σ is the thermal stress (in units of pressure, typically expressed in Pascals or psi). E is the Young’s modulus or elastic modulus of the material (in units of pressure, typically expressed in […]

Compressive stress is a measure of the force pushing together on a material. The formula to calculate compressive stress is: Where: F is the force applied to the material in the direction perpendicular to the surface area. A is the cross-sectional area of the material perpendicular to the direction of the force.  

Hooke’s Law states that a spring exerts a force directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position. The formula is given by: Where: F is the force exerted by the spring. k is the spring constant, which represents the stiffness of the spring. x is the displacement from the equilibrium position. .

The mechanical property of a material to withstand the compression or the elongation with respect to its length. The formula is given by: Where: E = Young’s Modulus (modulus of elasticity) In active voice: The force applies to the material to determine stress by dividing the cross-sectional area over which the force is applied. Stress

The flexural stress calculator determines the stress experienced by a material subjected to bending, also known as bending stress, using the given formula. M is the bending moment applied to the beam. c is the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber (also known as the distance to the centroid). I is the

Column Buckling Calculator is a sudden deformation of vertical support under compressive load. The formula is given by:   Where: Pcr​ is the critical buckling load, E is the modulus of elasticity of the column material, I is the area moment of inertia of the column’s cross-sectional shape, Leff​ is the effective length of the

Stress concentration factor is a fundamental aspect of mechanical engineering, particularly in the design and analysis of structures subjected to mechanical loads. It refers to the phenomenon where localized areas within a material experience significantly higher stress levels than the average stress across the rest of the material. Where: σmax​ is the maximum stress at

Shear modulus is the measure of the rigidity of the body, given by the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.The formula is given by: Where: F is the force applied parallel to the surface (shear force). A  is the cross-sectional area over which the force is applied. ∆ x is the displacement (change in position) caused by

Bulk modulus is defined as the proportion of volumetric stress related to the volumetric strain for any material. The formula is given by: Where:  ΔP is the change in pressure.  ΔV is the change in volume.  V is the original volume.

Bending moment measures internal force in structural elements like beams or columns resisting bending under load. The formula is given by: Where: F is the applied force perpendicular to the beam at that point. d is the perpendicular distance from the point to the line of action of the force