Composite Material and Structure

Heat conduction speed relative to storage.The formula is given by: Where: α is the thermal diffusivity. k is the thermal conductivity of the material. ρ is the mass density of the material. cp​ is the specific heat capacity of the material.

Inverse of sum of reciprocals equals total inductance parallel.The formula is given by: Where: Inductance 1 is a first inductance in parallel. Inductance 2 is a second inductance in parallel. Inductance n is a number of inductance in parallel.

Sum of individual inductances equals total inductance in series.The formula is given by: Where: Inductance 1 is a first inductance in series. Inductance 2 is a second inductance in series. Inductance n is a number of inductance in series.  

Capacity to store electric charge in an electrical component or system.The formula is given by: Where: ε is the permittivity of the material between the plates, A is the area of each plate, and d is the distance between the plates.

Ply-Level Modulus is a Elastic stiffness of single composite layer.The formula is given by: Where: Eply​ is the ply-level modulus (elastic modulus), F is the applied force or load, and ε is the corresponding strain or deformation experienced by the ply.

Ply-Level Strength is a Maximum stress a ply endures before failure.The formula is given by: Where: σply​ is the ply-level strength (stress), Fmax​ is the maximum force applied to the ply before failure, and tply​ is the thickness of the ply.

Ratio of critical load to actual applied load for stability.The formula is given by: Where: Cs​ is the structural stability factor, Pcritical​ is the critical load at which the structure becomes unstable, and Pactual​ is the actual applied load on the structure.

Calculates ultimate shear capacity for concrete beam safety.The formula is given by: Where: Vult​ is the ultimate shear capacity of the concrete beam, Vc​ is the contribution of concrete to shear capacity, and Vs​ is the contribution of shear reinforcement to shear capacity.

Designs tensile stress based on load and member area.The formula is given by: Where: T is the tensile stress in the member, F is the applied tensile force or load, and A is the cross-sectional area of the member perpendicular to the applied load.

Time until critical temperature, compromising load-carrying capacity in fire.The formula is given by: Where: t is the fire resistance time, A is the cross-sectional area of the structural element exposed to fire, and P is the perimeter of the exposed surface.