Entropy , Isentropic , Power Required Equations
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Orbital Mechanics
speed of sound, mach number, isentropic relations
The speed of sound (a) is equal to the square root of the ratio of specific heats (g) times the gas constant (R) times the absolute temperature (T). The derivation of this equation is given on a separate page. Notice that the temperature must be specified on an absolute scale (Kelvin or Rankine). calculator developed by- Pawan Indalkar
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Propagation Delay Calculator
Propagation Delay  is the time it takes for a signal to travel from a transmitter to a receiver over a certain distance Distance: The physical separation between the transmitter and receiver Propagation Speed: The speed at which the signal travels, typically the speed of light in the medium
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Planetary Distance Calculator
Planetary Distances is used to estimates the distances of the planets from the Sun D is the estimated distance from the Sun. a is a constant for each planet. n is the planet’s position in the order from the Sun.
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Satellite Signal Delay Calculator
The Satellite Signal Delay, also known as signal propagation delay, is the time it takes for an electromagnetic signal to travel from a satellite to the receiving antenna on Earth Delay: Signal delay (seconds) D: Distance between the satellite and the receiving antenna on Earth (meters) c: Speed of light in a vacuum (3.00×108 m/s)
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Orbital Energy of Satellite Calculator
The orbital energy (E) of a satellite is the sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy in orbit. E is the orbital energy m is the mass of the satellite v is the orbital velocity of the satellite G is the gravitational constant (6.674×10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2) M is the mass of the celestial body (e.g., Earth)
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Orbital Eccentricity Calculator
The orbital eccentricity (e) is a parameter that defines the shape of an elliptical orbit ra​ is the distance from the center of the celestial body to the apogee rp​ is the distance from the center of the celestial body to the perigee
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Doppler Shift Calculator
The Doppler Shift represents the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. Doppler Shift is the change in frequency. fr​ is the received frequency. ft​ is the transmitted frequency.
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Solar Irradiance Calculator
Solar Irradiance refers to the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the solar spectrum I is the solar irradiance (W/m²) P is the solar power received (W) A is the area perpendicular to the Sun’s rays (m²).
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Antenna Gain Calculator
The antenna gain equation calculates the gain of an antenna, representing its ability to focus or direct electromagnetic radiation in a particular direction Antenna Gain: Antenna gain is a measure of the ability of an antenna to direct or concentrate the transmitted or received signal in a particular direction Antenna Efficiency: Antenna efficiency represents the
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