Probelm Statement: Compressed air at 40 ∘C and 145 kPa from a large tank is discharged to ambient atmosphere at 101 kPa, through a convergent nozzle of 10 cm2 exit area,Calculate the mass flow rate through the nozzle when the ambient atmosphere is at (a) 101 kPa, (b) 50 kPa, and (c) 30 kPa. Equations […]
pressure ratio, mach number, velocity,density,speed of sound,mach number Read More »
Problem statement:A flow at 60 m s−1 enters a nozzle kept horizontal. The specific enthalpy at the nozzle inlet and exit is 3025 and 2790 kJ kg−1, respectively,Neglecting the heat loss from the nozzle, calculate (a) the flow velocity at the nozzle exit, (b) the mass flow rate through the nozzle, if the inlet area
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problem statement: Helium gas from a storage tank at 1000 kPa and 310 K is flowing out through a convergent nozzle of exit area 3 cm2 to another tank.When the mass flow rate is 0.15 kg s−1, determine the pressure in the second tank. Solution Equations used: 2: Mach Number: 3:Pressure: 4: Isentropic Relations: Isentropic
Mass flow rate, mach number, pressure, Isentropic Relation Read More »
The speed of sound (a) is equal to the square root of the ratio of specific heats (g) times the gas constant (R) times the absolute temperature (T). The derivation of this equation is given on a separate page. Notice that the temperature must be specified on an absolute scale (Kelvin or Rankine). calculator developed by- Pawan Indalkar
speed of sound, mach number, isentropic relations Read More »
Propagation Delay  is the time it takes for a signal to travel from a transmitter to a receiver over a certain distance Distance: The physical separation between the transmitter and receiver Propagation Speed: The speed at which the signal travels, typically the speed of light in the medium
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Planetary Distances is used to estimates the distances of the planets from the Sun D is the estimated distance from the Sun. a is a constant for each planet. n is the planet’s position in the order from the Sun.
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The Satellite Signal Delay, also known as signal propagation delay, is the time it takes for an electromagnetic signal to travel from a satellite to the receiving antenna on Earth Delay: Signal delay (seconds) D: Distance between the satellite and the receiving antenna on Earth (meters) c: Speed of light in a vacuum (3.00×108 m/s)
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The orbital energy (E) of a satellite is the sum of its kinetic energy and potential energy in orbit. E is the orbital energy m is the mass of the satellite v is the orbital velocity of the satellite G is the gravitational constant (6.674×10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2) M is the mass of the celestial body (e.g., Earth)
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The orbital eccentricity (e) is a parameter that defines the shape of an elliptical orbit ra​ is the distance from the center of the celestial body to the apogee rp​ is the distance from the center of the celestial body to the perigee
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