ToDo Calculator’s aerospace calculator is an essential tool for aerospace enthusiasts, engineers, and professionals. Tailored for aerodynamics, flight dynamics, propulsion systems, and orbital mechanics, it offers advanced features and accurate calculations. With a user-friendly interface, it’s accessible to all levels of expertise, making it indispensable for designing aircraft, planning mission trajectories, and studying aerospace concepts.
The second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle in physics, stating that in any natural thermodynamic process, the total entropy of a closed system (or the combination of a system and its surroundings) always increases over time or remains constant in ideal cases. This law is often expressed in several different forms, including the […]
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The Poynting vector, named after John Henry Poynting, is a mathematical quantity used in physics to represent the directional energy flux (or power per unit area) of an electromagnetic field. It describes the flow of electromagnetic energy in a particular direction through space. The formula for the Poynting vector (S) is given by: Where: S
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Enthalpy, often denoted as H, is a thermodynamic property that represents the total heat content of a system at constant pressure. It includes the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. Enthalpy is particularly useful in systems where constant pressure conditions are maintained, such as in open systems. The formula
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The internal energy of an ideal gas is a measure of its microscopic kinetic and potential energies. For an ideal gas, it depends solely on the temperature of the gas and is independent of pressure or volume. The internal energy of an ideal gas is given by the equation: Where: U is the internal energy
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Gibbs free energy, denoted by ΔG, is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum amount of reversible work that can be performed by a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure. It’s named after the American physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs. Gibbs free energy is particularly useful in determining the spontaneity and equilibrium of chemical reactions.
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Thrust is the force generated by a propulsion system, typically provided by engines or jet propulsion, to propel an object forward. If excess power increases relative to thrust, the aircraft gains more surplus power for improved climbing and acceleration; a decrease in excess power compared to thrust can hinder these performance aspects. The formula to
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The Flight Path Angle (FPA) is the angle between an aircraft’s velocity vector and the horizontal plane. It represents the trajectory of the aircraft in three-dimensional space. Positive Flight path angle indicates a climb, negative FPA denotes a descent, and zero Flight path angle corresponds to level flight. FPA is a crucial parameter for understanding
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The glide range in flight mechanics signifies how far an aircraft can travel without engine power. It’s crucial for pilots to understand this metric for emergency situations. This distance is determined by factors like aircraft weight and aerodynamic efficiency. Pilots must assess glide range to plan safe landings in case of engine failure. It’s a
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The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system; it can only change forms. Mathematically, it can be expressed as: Where: ΔU represents the change in internal energy of the system. Q represents the heat added to the
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The Flight Path Angle (FPA) is the angle between an aircraft’s velocity vector and the horizontal plane. It represents the trajectory of the aircraft in three-dimensional space. Positive Flight path angle indicates a climb, negative FPA denotes a descent, and zero Flight path angle corresponds to level flight. FPA is a crucial parameter for understanding
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