Density: Density is a measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance. It indicates how much matter is packed into a given space. P – Pressure in kPa R – Gas constant of air ( 0.287 kPa·m^3/kg·K) T – Temperature in Kelvin(K) Specific Gravity: Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of […]
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Volume flow rate is to be determined from measurements of volume and time period. Volume flow rate is used to describe the flow of fluids (gases and liquids) in pipes, ducts, and vessels. It’s essential in designing and optimizing systems, such as: Water supply networks HVAC systems Chemical processing plants Oil and gas pipeline The
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We apply Newton’s second law to calculate the weight (force) that corresponds to the known mass and acceleration. The weight of any object is equal to its mass times the local value of gravitational acceleration. For further queries:
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Mass of a substance can be calculated with a simple arithmetic operation. The relation between mass, density and volume can be put to use for the same. Density is directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to volume. Note: Density: Kg/m^3 Mass : Kg Volume : m^3 For further queries:
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Wind turbines can be a great addition to a sustainable lifestyle. Although installation is expensive, they reduce the overall electricity bill. Wind mills are installed in windy areas like coasts, so that they engage and rotate the wings of the wind turbine. This rotating mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy, which is used in
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Argon is compressed adiabatically in a steady-flow compressor from 101 kPa and 25 ∘C to 505 kPa.. If the compression work required is 475 kJ kg−1, show that the compression process is irreversible. Assume argon to be an ideal gas. Equations used here are-work transfer equations, Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when
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Axial deformation is calculated using Hooke’s Law, which relates stress (σ) to strain (ε) for elastic deformation. The formula for axial deformation is given by: ​ where: δaxial​ = Axial deformation (in meters, m) F = Applied axial force or load (in newtons, N) L = Original length of the structural member (in meters, m)
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The cross-sectional area (A) represents the area enclosed by the shape of the structural member, typically perpendicular to the axis of bending or rotation. The SI units for the radius of gyration formula are meters (m) for length measurements (both r and any dimensions involved in calculating I and A). It’s essential to ensure that
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The radius of gyration (r) is a measure of how the mass or area of a structural member is distributed relative to its centroid or axis of rotation. It is commonly used in structural engineering to characterize the bending behavior of columns and beams For structural purposes, the radius of gyration is calculated based on
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The slenderness ratio (λ) is a dimensionless parameter used in structural engineering to evaluate the stability of slender columns under compressive loads. It is calculated based on the column’s effective length (Le​) and its radius of gyration (r). ​​ where: λ = Slenderness ratio (dimensionless) Le​ = Effective length of the column (in meters, m)
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