Fluid Mechanics Calculator

In laminar flow, the fluid moves according to Newton’s law of viscosity, which states that the shear stress (τ) between adjacent fluid layers is directly proportional to the velocity gradient (du/dy) perpendicular to the direction of flow and the dynamic viscosity (μ) of the fluid: Where, τ is the shear stress, μ is the dynamic […]

The Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity used in fluid mechanics to predict the flow regime around an object or within a fluid flow. It’s named after Osborne Reynolds, a British engineer who popularized its use. The Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and is given by

Drag reduction refers to the process of minimizing the aerodynamic drag experienced by an object moving through a fluid (such as air or water). Aerodynamic drag is the resistance force exerted by the fluid on the object in the direction opposite to its motion. Drag Reduction can be calculated using the following formula: Where, F

Hydrodynamics is the study of the behavior of fluids in motion, particularly incompressible fluids such as water. It involves the analysis of fluid flow patterns, forces acting on fluids, and the effects of these forces on the surrounding environment. Where: F is the net force acting on the fluid (N), m is the mass of

Lift force is the force perpendicular to the direction of motion, typically acting upward on an object in a fluid flow. The lift force can also be calculated using empirical and theoretical methods, and for aerodynamic lift, one common formula is: L is the lift force, CL​ is the lift coefficient, ρ is the density

Hydrostatic force is the force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or partially submerged surface due to the pressure distribution within the fluid. This force arises from the weight of the fluid above the surface and is perpendicular to the surface. Where: F is the hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on the submerged

Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object immersed in or floating on its surface. It is a result of the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the object, which creates a net upward force. This phenomenon is governed by Archimedes’ Principle. Where: Fb​ is the buoyant force exerted

Flow rate, also known as volumetric flow rate, is the volume of fluid passing through a given cross-sectional area per unit time. It is a measure of how much fluid flows through a particular point in a system over a specified period. The formula for flow rate (Q) is: where: Q is the flow rate

Fluid statics is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with fluids at rest or in equilibrium. It focuses on the study of pressure distribution, buoyancy, and hydrostatic forces exerted on submerged or floating bodies. P is the pressure at a certain depth. P0​ is the pressure at the fluid’s surface or a reference point.

Turbulence is chaotic fluid motion characterized by irregular fluctuations in velocity, pressure, and flow properties. It involves the formation of swirling eddies and vortices, leading to enhanced mixing and transport of momentum and energy. ρ is the density of the fluid.  V is the characteristic velocity of the flow.  L is the characteristic length scale.