Fluid Mechanics Calculator

The Sherwood number (Sh) is a dimensionless parameter used in fluid mechanics and heat transfer to characterize the mass transfer rate in a fluid flow system. It represents the ratio of convective mass transfer to molecular diffusion, analogous to the Nusselt number for heat transfer. The Sherwood number can be expressed mathematically as, ​ Where: […]

The specific energy depth, also known as the critical depth, refers to the depth of flow in an open-channel system at which the total energy per unit weight of the fluid is minimized for a given discharge. This depth corresponds to a specific condition of flow where the kinetic energy and the potential energy of

The critical flow depth, also known as critical depth, is a significant concept in open-channel hydraulics, particularly in uniform flow conditions. It represents the depth of flow at which the specific energy of the flow is at a minimum for a given discharge. At this critical depth, the flow velocity is such that the Froude

Equivalent length in fluid mechanics refers to the concept of representing the combined effect of multiple fittings, bends, valves, or other obstructions in a piping system as an equivalent length of straight pipe. In some cases, minor losses are expressed in terms of an equivalent length of straight pipe that would cause the same head

Minor losses refer to the energy losses that occur in a fluid flow system due to various factors such as bends, fittings, expansions, contractions, valves, and other obstructions.  Here are some formulas related to minor losses: The loss coefficient, often denoted as K, quantifies the effect of a particular component or fitting on the head

The hydraulic radius (Rh​) is a fundamental parameter used in fluid mechanics, particularly in the analysis of open channel flow. It represents the ratio of the cross-sectional area (A) of the flow to the wetted perimeter (P) of the conduit. Mathematically, it is expressed as: ​ Where: Rh​ is the hydraulic radius, typically measured in

The hydraulic gradient is an essential concept in fluid mechanics, particularly in the field of hydrology and open channel flow. It represents the slope of the hydraulic head along a flow path and is crucial in understanding the flow of water in rivers, streams, and open conduits. The hydraulic gradient (i) is defined as the

The flow work equation is fundamental in fluid mechanics, particularly in the study of thermodynamics and energy transfer within fluid flow systems. The flow work equation is given by: Where: Wf​ is the flow work, measured in energy per unit mass,  is the pressure exerted by the fluid, typically in Pascals (Pa) or any pressure

The momentum equation, in the context of fluid mechanics, relates the net force acting on a fluid system to the rate of change of momentum. It is derived from Newton’s second law of motion, which states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is equal to the net force acting on it.

The Pitot-static tube is a device used to measure fluid flow velocity, particularly in air and gases. It works based on the principles of Bernoulli’s equation and involves two pressure measurements, the stagnation pressure (total pressure) and the static pressure. By comparing these pressures, the velocity of the fluid can be determined. The Pitot-static tube