Fluid Mechanics Calculator

The Weber number (We) is a dimensionless number used in fluid mechanics to quantify the relative importance of inertial forces to surface tension forces. It is commonly used in the study of fluid flows, especially those involving interfaces or surface phenomena. The Weber number is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to surface tension […]

The Mach number (Ma) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the speed of an object or fluid relative to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. It indicates whether the flow is subsonic, sonic, or supersonic. Where: Ma is the Mach number. v is the velocity of the object or fluid. c is the

Total pressure (Pt​), also known as stagnation pressure, is the sum of the static pressure and dynamic pressure in a fluid flow. It represents the total energy per unit volume of a fluid stream, accounting for both the pressure energy and kinetic energy. Total pressure is a crucial parameter in fluid mechanics, particularly in analyzing

Dynamic pressure (q) is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid flowing. It represents the pressure increase experienced by a fluid when it is brought to rest. In aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, dynamic pressure is a critical parameter for understanding the energy associated with fluid motion. Where: q is the

The specific volume of a substance is the volume occupied by a unit mass of that substance. In other words, it is the amount of space occupied by one kilogram of the substance. Specific volume is the reciprocal of density. It provides a measure of how much volume a unit mass of substance occupies, and

Surface tension is the property of a fluid surface that causes it to behave like an elastic sheet. It’s the force per unit length acting perpendicular to the surface. The surface tension (γ) of a liquid is defined as the force acting per unit length along the interface between the liquid and the gas phase.

Shear stress is the force per unit area parallel to a surface in a fluid. It measures the force applied tangentially to the surface. The formula for shear stress (τ) in fluid mechanics, as described by Newton’s law of viscosity, is given by: Where: τ is the shear stress, μ is the dynamic viscosity of

Viscosity is the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. It quantifies the internal friction within the fluid. The relationship between shear stress (τ) and velocity gradient (du/dy) in a fluid is described by Newton’s law of viscosity, which can be expressed as: Where: τ is the shear stress, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the

Velocity is the rate of change of displacement of fluid particles with respect to time. It represents how fast the fluid is moving. The formula for velocity (v) in fluid mechanics is simply: Where: v is the velocity (in meters per second, m/s). d/dt​ denotes the derivative with respect to time. d represents the displacement

Density is the mass per unit volume of a fluid. It quantifies how much mass is contained in a given volume of fluid. The formula for density (ρ) in fluid mechanics is given by: Where, ρ is the density, m is the mass of the fluid,  V is the volume of the fluid.