Mechanical Calculator

Minor losses refer to the energy losses that occur in a fluid flow system due to various factors such as bends, fittings, expansions, contractions, valves, and other obstructions.  Here are some formulas related to minor losses: The loss coefficient, often denoted as K, quantifies the effect of a particular component or fitting on the head […]

The hydraulic radius (Rh​) is a fundamental parameter used in fluid mechanics, particularly in the analysis of open channel flow. It represents the ratio of the cross-sectional area (A) of the flow to the wetted perimeter (P) of the conduit. Mathematically, it is expressed as: ​ Where: Rh​ is the hydraulic radius, typically measured in

The hydraulic gradient is an essential concept in fluid mechanics, particularly in the field of hydrology and open channel flow. It represents the slope of the hydraulic head along a flow path and is crucial in understanding the flow of water in rivers, streams, and open conduits. The hydraulic gradient (i) is defined as the

The flow work equation is fundamental in fluid mechanics, particularly in the study of thermodynamics and energy transfer within fluid flow systems. The flow work equation is given by: Where: Wf​ is the flow work, measured in energy per unit mass,  is the pressure exerted by the fluid, typically in Pascals (Pa) or any pressure

The momentum equation, in the context of fluid mechanics, relates the net force acting on a fluid system to the rate of change of momentum. It is derived from Newton’s second law of motion, which states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is equal to the net force acting on it.

The Pitot-static tube is a device used to measure fluid flow velocity, particularly in air and gases. It works based on the principles of Bernoulli’s equation and involves two pressure measurements, the stagnation pressure (total pressure) and the static pressure. By comparing these pressures, the velocity of the fluid can be determined. The Pitot-static tube

The compressible boundary layer equations describe the behavior of the thin layer of fluid adjacent to a solid surface in a compressible fluid flow. One of the key parameters characterizing compressible boundary layers is the local Mach number (M), defined as the ratio of the local flow velocity to the local speed of sound, such

The laminar boundary layer equation describes the behavior of a laminar boundary layer, which forms when a fluid flows over a solid surface. In this region, the fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers, with minimal mixing between adjacent layers. The Blasius solution provides an expression for the boundary layer thickness (δ) as a function of

The turbulent boundary layer equation describes the behavior of a turbulent boundary layer, which forms when a fluid flows over a solid surface. In this region, the fluid velocity changes rapidly in the direction perpendicular to the surface due to the interaction between the fluid and the solid boundary. The equation for the turbulent boundary

The equation governing cavitation depends on the specific conditions of the flow and the properties of the fluid. One important parameter used to characterize cavitation is the cavitation number (σ), defined as the ratio of the local pressure drop to the pressure of the fluid vapor, Where: P vapor​ is the vapor pressure of the