Mechanical Calculator

Archimedes’ Principle states that when an object is partially or fully immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This principle explains why objects appear to weigh less when submerged in a fluid compared to when they are in air. Mathematically, Archimedes’ […]

The ideal gas law is a fundamental equation in thermodynamics that describes the behavior of an ideal gas under various conditions. It relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas present in a system. The ideal gas law is extremely useful in various fields of science and engineering for calculating the behavior of gases

Prandtl’s Mixing Length Hypothesis postulates that the eddy viscosity in a turbulent flow can be related to the characteristic length scale of turbulence and the velocity gradient in the direction perpendicular to the flow. It assumes that the turbulence consists of large eddies that transport momentum and energy. Prandtl’s Mixing Length Hypothesis is a simplified

The volumetric flow rate, often denoted by Q, is a measure of the volume of fluid (liquid or gas) that passes through a given cross-sectional area per unit time. In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of volumetric flow rate is cubic meters per second , although other units such as liters per

The heat transfer coefficient is a measure of the effectiveness of heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid flowing over or around it. It accounts for the combined effects of convection and thermal conductivity in transferring heat energy across the interface. The SI unit of heat transfer coefficient (h) is the Watt per

Stagnation temperature (T0​) is a thermodynamic property of a fluid flow representing the total temperature at a point where the fluid velocity is reduced to zero (stagnation point). It accounts for both static temperature and kinetic temperature present in the fluid flow. Stagnation temperature is the total temperature of a fluid at a stagnation point,

Stagnation pressure (P0​) is a thermodynamic property of a fluid flow representing the total pressure at a point where the fluid velocity is reduced to zero (stagnation point). It accounts for both static pressure and dynamic pressure present in the fluid flow. Stagnation pressure is the total pressure of a fluid at a stagnation point,

The hydraulic diameter of a non-circular conduit is defined as four times the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter. It represents an equivalent diameter of a circular conduit that would have the same flow resistance as the non-circular conduit. The hydraulic diameter (Dh​) is typically expressed in meters (m). The formula for calculating the

Thermal conductivity is defined as the amount of heat energy transferred per unit area per unit time through a unit thickness of a material, for a temperature gradient of one degree Celsius (or Kelvin) per unit length. The SI unit of thermal conductivity is Watt per meter-kelvin (W/(m·K)). The formula for thermal conductivity (k) is

Specific Heat Capacity, often denoted as C​, is a measure of the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin). It quantifies the ability of a material to store thermal energy. The SI unit of Specific Heat Capacity is Joule per