Stokes’ law states that the frictional force F exerted on a spherical particle of radius r moving through a viscous fluid with viscosity η at a velocity v is directly proportional to the velocity of the particle and the viscosity of the fluid and inversely proportional to the radius of the particle. Mathematically, it can […]
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The continuity equation is based on the principle of conservation of mass and states that the mass flow rate is constant in an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe or a duct. Mathematically, it is expressed as: Where: ρ is the density of the fluid. A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe or duct.
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Bernoulli’s equation is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics that relates the pressure, velocity, and elevation of a fluid in an ideal, steady flow without friction. It states that the sum of the pressure energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy per unit volume of a fluid remains constant along any streamline. Mathematically, it can be
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