Burn time equations are used to calculate the amount of time it takes for a substance or fuel to burn completely. The specific equation depends on the context, such as combustion in engines, rockets, or chemical reactions. where: Tburn​ is the burn time, m0​ is the initial mass of the rocket, mf​ is the final […]
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Bypass airflow rate refers to the amount of air in an air conditioning or HVAC system that bypasses the intended cooling or heating process. In such systems, a certain percentage of air may not pass through the cooling coil or heat exchanger and instead flows directly back into the return air duct or outside the
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Engine specific impulse density (Isp) is a performance parameter used to characterize rocket engines and other propulsion systems. It measures the efficiency of an engine in converting propellant mass flow rate into thrust. Specifically, it represents the impulse produced per unit of propellant mass consumed. Where: Isp is the specific impulse density (s/kg), F is
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The Beer-Lambert law, also known as the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law, relates the absorbance of light to the properties of the material through which the light is passing. Where: A is the absorbance of the sample. ϵ (epsilon) is the molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient, a constant characteristic of the substance at a particular wavelength. c
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The Henry’s law constant (k) can also be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of the gas in the liquid phase to the partial pressure of the gas in the gas phase at equilibrium, at a specific temperature. Where: C is the concentration of the gas in the liquid (usually in mol/L or mmol/L),
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The Stanton number (St) is a dimensionless parameter used in fluid mechanics and heat transfer to characterize the convective heat transfer rate in a fluid flow system. It represents the ratio of convective heat transfer to conductive heat transfer, similar to the Sherwood number for mass transfer. The Stanton number can be expressed mathematically as:
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The Sherwood number (Sh) is a dimensionless parameter used in fluid mechanics and heat transfer to characterize the mass transfer rate in a fluid flow system. It represents the ratio of convective mass transfer to molecular diffusion, analogous to the Nusselt number for heat transfer. The Sherwood number can be expressed mathematically as, ​ Where:
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The specific energy depth, also known as the critical depth, refers to the depth of flow in an open-channel system at which the total energy per unit weight of the fluid is minimized for a given discharge. This depth corresponds to a specific condition of flow where the kinetic energy and the potential energy of
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The critical flow depth, also known as critical depth, is a significant concept in open-channel hydraulics, particularly in uniform flow conditions. It represents the depth of flow at which the specific energy of the flow is at a minimum for a given discharge. At this critical depth, the flow velocity is such that the Froude
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Equivalent length in fluid mechanics refers to the concept of representing the combined effect of multiple fittings, bends, valves, or other obstructions in a piping system as an equivalent length of straight pipe. In some cases, minor losses are expressed in terms of an equivalent length of straight pipe that would cause the same head
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