Various factors including velocity changes and drag coefficients. This force is typically related to the aircraft’s acceleration or deceleration
- is the change in force along the longitudinal axis.
- is the dynamic pressure (in pascals).
- is the reference area of the aircraft.
- is the mass of the aircraft.
- 0 is the equilibrium velocity.
- is the coefficient of drag with respect to changes in velocity .
- is the coefficient of drag at the equilibrium velocity 0.